关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 热管理系统, 相变材料, 空气冷却, 液体冷却

Abstract: Nowadays, new energy technologies are developing rapidly, energy storage systems are widely used, and lithium-ion batteries occupy a dominant position among them. Therefore, it is also very important to ensure their performance, safety and service life through thermal management technology.In this paper, the causes of thermal runaway of lithium batteries are reviewed firstly, and three commonly used thermal management technologies, namely air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, are compared according to relevant literature in recent years. Air cooling technology has been widely studied because of its simple structure and low cost, but its temperature control effect is poor. Liquid cooling technology takes away heat through the circulation of liquid medium, which has a good cooling effect, but the system is relatively complex. Phase change material (PCM) cooling technology uses the high latent heat of PCM to absorb and release heat, which can effectively reduce the peak temperature of a battery and improve the temperature uniformity, but the low thermal conductivity and liquid leakage are its main problems.To sum up, lithium battery thermal management technology is moving towards a more efficient, safer and cost-effective direction.Coupled cooling systems, such as those combining liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, show great potential.Future research will continue to explore new materials and technologies to meet the growing demands of society and the market for lithium battery performance and safety.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, thermal management system, phase change materials, air cooling, liquid cooling