关键词: 纳米二氧化锡, 纳米, 电催化, 硝基苯, 还原

Abstract:

The tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a simple hydrothermal route in the presence of tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) as a surfactant. Accordingly, the titanium mesh based SnO₂ catalyst electrode was prepared. The morphologies and structures of SnO₂ nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry. The influences of reactant concentration, reaction temperature and time on the morphology of the products were investigated in detail. The electrocatalytic performance of SnO₂ for the reduction of nitrobenzene with zinc was studied. Possible formation process and growth mechanism for such hierarchical SnO₂ nanostructures have been proposed based on the experimental results. The results showed　that when the concentration of NaOH was 0.5 mol•L^-1, the hydrothermal reaction temperature was 160 ℃, hydrothermal reaction time was 9 h, the as-prepared SnO₂ catalyst appeared thorny spheric particles consisting of nanosheets with the particle size as small as 17 nm. Compared with Pt electrode, the catalyst electrode exhibited higher catalytic activity toward the electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene. The conversion rate of nitrobenzene was up to 74% and the maximum discharge power density was 21.9 mW•cm^-2, which are much better than those with platinum electrode. The main reduction products of nitrobenzene were aniline, p-phenetidine and p-chloroaniline.

Key words: Tin dioxide, Nanometer, Electrocatalysis, Nitrobenzene, Reduction