水性锌离子电池的无枝晶策略：结构、电解质和隔膜

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

能源需求的持续增长和环境污染的加剧构成了亟待解决的主要挑战。开发和利用风能和太阳能等可再生、可持续的清洁能源至关重要。然而，这些间歇性能源的不稳定性使得对储能系统的需求日益迫切。水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）因其独特优势，如高能量密度、成本效益、环保性和安全性，受到广泛关注。然而，AZIBs面临着重大挑战，主要是锌枝晶的形成严重影响了电池的稳定性和寿命，导致电池失效。因此，减少锌枝晶的形成对于提高 AZIBs 的性能至关重要。本综述系统而全面地梳理了当前抑制锌枝晶形成的策略和进展。通过综合分析锌阳极、电解质、隔膜设计和改性以及其他新机制的最新发展，为研究人员提供一个透彻的理解，以指导未来的研究，推动水性锌离子电池技术的发展。

关键词: 水系锌离子电池, 无枝晶, 锌阳极, 电解质优化, 隔膜设计, 析氢反应

Abstract:

Continued growth in energy demand and increased environmental pollution constitute major challenges that need to be addressed urgently. The development and utilization of renewable, sustainable, and clean energy sources, such as wind and solar, are crucial. However, the instability of these intermittent energy sources makes the need for energy storage systems increasingly urgent. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received widespread attention due to their unique advantages, such as high energy density, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and safety. However, AZIBs face significant challenges, mainly the formation of zinc dendrites that seriously affect the stability and lifetime of the batteries, leading to battery failure. Therefore, reducing the formation of zinc dendrites is crucial for improving the performance of AZIBs. This review systematically and comprehensively comprehends the current strategies and advances in inhibiting the formation of zinc dendrites. By comprehensively analyzing the latest developments in zinc anode, electrolyte, separator design and modification, as well as other novel mechanisms, it provides researchers with a thorough understanding to guide future research and advance the development of AZIBs.

Key words: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries, Dendrite-free, Zn anode, Electrolyte Optimization, Separator design, hydrogen evolution reaction

吴刚, 杨武海, 杨洋, 杨慧军. 水性锌离子电池的无枝晶策略：结构、电解质和隔膜[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2024, 30(12): 2415003.

Gang Wu, Wu-Hai Yang, Yang Yang, Hui-Jun Yang. Dendrite-Free Strategies for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Structure, Electrolyte, and Separator[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2024, 30(12): 2415003.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.3487

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V30/I12/2415003

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Coating layer	Method	Electrolyte	Current density/Capacity (mA·cm⁻²) / (mAh·cm⁻²)	Cycle life (h)	Ref.
CaCO₃	Doctor blading	3 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1 MnSO₄	0.25/0.05	840	[39]
TiO₂	ALD	3 mol·L^-1 Zn (OTf)₂	1/1	150	[44]
TiO₂	Doctor blading	1 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	1/1	460	[45]
TiO₂-PVDF	Drop cast	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	0.885/0.885	2000	[46]
PDMS/TiO_2-x	Spin coating	3 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	1/1	900	[47]
ZnO	Chemical deposition	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1 MnSO₄	5/1.25	500	[48]
Al₂O₃	ALD	3 mol·L^-1 Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂	1/1	500	[49]
Oxyhydroxide	Chemical decoration	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	1/1	4000	[50]
BaTiO₃	Doctor blading	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	1/1	2000	[51]
BaTiO₃	Doctor blading	1 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1 MnSO₄	1/1	4100	[52]
PVDF	Spin coating	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	0.25/0.05	2000	[53]
P(VDF-TrFE)	Spin coating	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	0.2/0.2	2000	[54]
ZrO₂	Casted	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	0.25/0.125	3800	[55]
ZIF-7	Doctor blading	2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄	0.5/1	3000	[43]

Electrolyte	Current density/Capacity (mA·cm⁻²/mAh·cm⁻²)	Cycle life (h)	Ref.
2 mol·L^-1ZnSO₄ + N-Acetyl-ϵ-caprolactam	0.2/0.2	9800	[70]
1 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 6 mol·L^-1 Acetamide	1/1	3000	[18]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 0.037wt.% fucoidan	1/2	2800	[71]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 0.5 mmol·L^-1 C₈TAB	1/1	2000	[15]
0.5 mol·L^-1 Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ / H₂O + TEP (1:1)	1/1	1500	[34]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO4 + 67 wt.% maltose	1/0.5	1200	[72]
1 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄+ 5 mmol·L^-1 TU	1/1	800	[73]
4 mol·L^-1 Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ + 0.25 m TMU	0.5/0.5	4080	[69]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 0.9 g β-CD	4/2	1700	[74]
0.5 mol·L^-1 ZnCl₂ + 1 mol·L^-1 TC	1/0.5	2145	[75]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 5 vol% NMP	5/5	200	[76]
2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ + 0.05 mol·L^-1 SG	1/1	1000	[77]
3 mol·L^-1 Zn (CF₃SO₃)₂ / H₂O + surfoplane	5/5	1100	[78]

Separator	Thickness (μm)	Transference number	Ref.
PTFE	50	0.81	[21]
UiO-66@GF	260	0.67	[97]
Mxene/GF	276	0.35	[98]
Cellulose/GF	260	0.71	[99]
ZrO₂/nanocellulose	37	0.45	[100]
ZrO₂/cellulose	50	0.69	[101]
Cellulose ester	120	N/A	[102]
SiO₂/cellulose paper	60	0.44	[103]
Nanocellulose/CMC	N/A	0.39	[104]
Cotton fiber	140	0.48	[92]
Carbonylated cellulose	21	0.528	[105]
Chitosan modified filter paper	N/A	0.62	[106]
PTFE	50	0.81	[21]
UiO-66@GF	260	0.67	[97]
Mxene/GF	276	0.35	[98]
Cellulose/GF	260	0.71	[99]
ZrO₂/nanocellulose	37	0.45	[100]
ZrO₂/cellulose	50	0.69	[101]
Cellulose ester	120	N/A	[102]
SiO₂/cellulose paper	60	0.44	[103]
Nanocellulose/CMC	N/A	0.39	[104]
Cotton fiber	140	0.48	[92]
Carbonylated cellulose	21	0.528	[105]
Chitosan modified filter paper	N/A	0.62	[106]