关键词:  纳米材料, 电催化, 过氧化氢, 辐射防护剂, 活性氧

Abstract:

Nanomaterials have shown many potential application prospects in the biomedical field, such as medical imaging, drug delivery and biosensing due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this review we focus on nanomaterials that have shown not only abilities of radiation protection, but also good electrocatalytic activities toward reduction reactions of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. We discuss the abilities of radiation protection of these nanomaterials that are ascribed to their enzyme-like activities because their catalytic properties provide an effective pathway for scavenging free radicals in vivo via rapid reactions with reactive oxygen species. We also provide insights into electrocatalytic nanomaterials for the relationships between electrocatalytic activities and abilities of radiation protection that are critical for clinical translatability. Finally, we indicate current challenges and future directions in the possible use of these nanomaterials as novel radioprotectors for clinical translation as an adjuvant in radiotherapies.

Key words: nanomaterials, electrocatalysis, hydrogen peroxide, radioprotectors, reactive oxygen species