超级电容器用强溶剂化及小尺寸离子电解液的设计与应用

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3621

电化学（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 2604271. doi: 10.61558/2993-074X.3621

• 论文 • 上一篇

超级电容器用强溶剂化及小尺寸离子电解液的设计与应用

霍桐, 刘盼, 陈浩, 张鹏, 陈振磊, 孙国富, 时志强^*(), 王静

天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院，先进炭材料与能源实验室，天津 300387

收稿日期:2026-04-22 修回日期:2026-05-28 接受日期:2026-06-23 发布日期:2026-06-23 出版日期:2026-09-28

Engineering Small-Sized Cations with Strong Solvation for High-Voltage Supercapacitors

Tong Huo, Pan Liu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Lei Chen, Guo-Fu Sun, Zhi-Qiang Shi^*(), Jing Wang

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received:2026-04-22 Revised:2026-05-28 Accepted:2026-06-23 Online:2026-06-23 Published:2026-09-28
Contact: *Zhi-Qiang Shi, Email address: shizhiqiang@tiangong.edu.cn
About author:Author Contributions
Tong Huo, Pan Liu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Lei Chen, Guo-Fu Sun, Zhi-Qiang Shi, Jing Wang jointly conceived the work. Tong Huo and Guo-Fu Sun performed material synthesis and characterisation. Pan Liu, Peng Zhang and Zhen-Lei Chen conducted the MD and DFT calculations. Hao Chen collected and analysed the NMR and Raman spectra. Tong Huo, Zhi-Qiang Shi and Jing Wang jointly drafted the manuscript. All authors discussed the experimental content and the final manuscript.

1. 2604271SI.pdf(2464KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超级电容器虽然具有高功率密度和长循环寿命等优点，但其低工作电压和低能量密度的缺点，极大限制了其在规模储能等领域中的应用。本文合成了一种新型电解质盐四甲基铵双氟磺酰亚胺盐（TMA-FSI），其在碳酸丙烯酯作溶剂的电解液中，表现出较宽的极化电位窗口。通过核磁共振谱、拉曼光谱表征和分子动力学模拟计算，发现TMA⁺尺寸小的性质使其拥有与溶剂分子更高的结合能，强溶剂化作用使TMA⁺能够吸引更多的碳酸丙烯酯分子形成溶剂化壳层，抑制碳酸丙烯酯分子在负极侧分解，从而拓宽电解液在负极侧的电化学稳定性窗口和耐压能力。在使用TMF电解质在3.0 V下电流密度为2 A·g^-1进行10000次循环后电容器的容量保持率仍有96.66%，验证了强溶剂化体系的高效动力学特性。

关键词: 超级电容器, 电解液, 溶剂化, 小尺寸, 高电压

Abstract:

Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage due to their high power density and long cycle life. However, their relatively low energy density limits their application in a wider range of fields. Methods to increase energy density include enhancing specific capacitance and extending operating voltage window. Herein, we report a novel electrolyte salt, tetramethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (TMA-FSI), the resulting electrolyte formed with propylene carbonate (PC), designated as TMF, exhibited a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 5.09 V. On the one hand, we found that the small size of TMA⁺ enables it to enter the pores more fully during charging and discharging, thereby increasing the specific capacitance. On the other hand, the strong solvation of TMA⁺ and PC inhibited the decomposition of PC, thereby broadening the ESW. After 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A·g^-1 and a voltage of 3.0 V using the TMF electrolyte, the capacity retention rate of the SCs was still 96.66%, verifying the efficient kinetic characteristics of the strong solvation system.

Key words: Electrolyte, Solvation, Small-sized cation, High voltage, supercapacitor

霍桐, 刘盼, 陈浩, 张鹏, 陈振磊, 孙国富, 时志强, 王静. 超级电容器用强溶剂化及小尺寸离子电解液的设计与应用[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2026, 32(9): 2604271.

Tong Huo, Pan Liu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Lei Chen, Guo-Fu Sun, Zhi-Qiang Shi, Jing Wang. Engineering Small-Sized Cations with Strong Solvation for High-Voltage Supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2026, 32(9): 2604271.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.3621

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V32/I9/2604271

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参考文献 41

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超级电容器用强溶剂化及小尺寸离子电解液的设计与应用

Engineering Small-Sized Cations with Strong Solvation for High-Voltage Supercapacitors

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