生物质基碳负极结构调控工程实现高倍率双离子电池

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3569

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双离子电池通常使用碳基材料作为电极，具有工作电压高、潜在成本低、环境友好等优点。与二次电池传统的“摇椅式”工作机制不同，双离子电池具有独特的工作机制，在电化学反应过程中，阳离子和阴离子分别在负极和正极参与容量贡献。在高工作电压下（> 4.8 V），阴离子嵌入石墨正极具有优异的反应动力学。然而，Li⁺在负极侧往往扩散速率较为缓慢，导致正极和负极之间的动力学失配，严重制约了双离子电池的发展。本文通过微观结构调控策略制备了毛竹衍生碳电极材料，该策略通过选择合适的碳化温度可有效地调控其丰富的短程有序石墨微畴和无序非晶区，并具有独特的分级纳米孔结构。其纳米孔的孔径分布主要集中在0.5-5 nm，可为Li⁺提供合适的快速传输通道，优化后的毛竹衍生碳电极材料（碳化温度500 ℃）在300 mA·g^-1电流密度下达到了436 mAh·g^-1的高可逆容量和优异的倍率性能（在3 A·g^-1时保持了231 mAh·g^-1的高容量）。组装的双碳PEC-500||石墨全电池在10 C倍率下具有114 mAh·g^-1的容量，循环3000圈后具有96%的容量保持率，同时，全电池在50 C倍率测试中仍能够保持74 mAh·g^-1的容量，表现出优异的倍率性能。

关键词: 双离子电池, 生物质硬碳, 结构调控, 高工作电压, 高倍率

Abstract:

ual-ion batteries (DIBs) usually use carbon-based materials as electrodes, showing advantages in high operating voltage, potential low cost, and environmental friendliness. Different from conventional “rocking chair” type secondary batteries, DIBs perform a unique working mechanism, which employ both cation and anion taking part in capacity contribution at an anode and a cathode, respectively, during electrochemical reactions. Graphite has been identified as a suitable cathode material for anion intercalation at high voltages (> 4.8 V) with fast reaction kinetics. However, the development of DIBs is being hindered by dynamic mismatch between a cathode and an anode due to sluggish Li⁺ diffusion at a high rate. Herein, we prepared phyllostachys edulis derived carbon (PEC) through microstructure regulation strategy and investigated the carbonized temperature effect, which effectively tailored the rich short-range ordered graphite microdomains and disordered amorphous regions, as well as a unique nano-pore hierarchical structure. The pore size distribution of nano-pores was concentrated in 0.5-5 nm, providing suitable channels for rapid Li⁺ transportation. It was found that PEC-500 (carbonized at 500 ℃) achieved a high capacity of 436 mAh·g^-1at 300 mA·g^-1 and excellent rate performance (maintaining a high capacity of 231 mAh·g^-1 at 3 A·g^-1). The assembled dual-carbon PEC-500||graphite full battery delivered 114 mAh·g^-1 at 10 C with 96% capacity retention after 3000 cycles and outstanding rate capability, providing 74 mAh·g^-1 at 50 C.

Key words: Dual-ion battery, Biomass hard carbon, Structural regulation, High operating voltage, High rate

周锐, 刘瑞, 李云诺, 蒋思捷, 井甜甜, 徐艳松, 曹菲菲. 生物质基碳负极结构调控工程实现高倍率双离子电池[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2025, 31(8): 2515004.

Zhou Rui, Liu Rui, Li Yun-Nuo, Jiang Si-Jie, Jing Tian-Tian, Xu Yan-Song, Cao Fei-Fei. Structure Regulation Engineering for Biomass-Derived Carbon Anodes Enabling High-Rate Dual-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2025, 31(8): 2515004.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.3569

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V31/I8/2515004

图/表 4

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