金属氮化物作为锂硫电池阴极硫骨架材料的研究

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3489

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于锂硫电池高理论能量密度（2600 Wh·kg^-1）和比容量（1675 mAh·g^-1），被认为是集成可再生能源系统用于大规模能量存储的潜在解决方案之一。但由于“穿梭效应”、容量衰减和体积变化等障碍阻碍了锂硫电池的成功商业化。现阶段已提出各种策略以克服技术障碍，本文综述了不同金属氮化物作为高性能锂硫电池阴极宿主材料的应用，总结了不同宿主材料的设计策略，讨论了金属氮化物性质与其电化学性能之间的关系，最后，提出了对金属氮化物设计和发展的合理建议，以及促进未来突破的想法。我们希望本文能够引起更多关于金属氮化物及其衍生物的关注，并进一步促进锂硫电池的电化学性能。

关键词: 锂硫电池, 金属氮化物, 正极材料

Abstract:

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh·kg^-1) and specific capacity (1675 mAh·g^-1). Currently, various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers, e.g., “shuttle effect”, capacity decay and volumetric change, which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries. This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries, summarizes the design strategies of different host materials, and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their electrochemical performances. Finally, reasonable suggestions for the design and development of metal nitrides, along with ideas to promote future breakthroughs, are proposed. We hope that this review could attract more attention to metal nitrides and their derivatives, and further promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Key words: Lithium-sulfur batteries, Metal nitride, Host material

熊海基, 朱成威, 邓丁榕, 吴启辉. 金属氮化物作为锂硫电池阴极硫骨架材料的研究[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2025, 31(2): 2407061.

Hai-Ji Xiong, Cheng-Wei Zhu, Ding-Rong Deng, Qi-Hui Wu. Metal Nitrides as Cathode Hosts for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2025, 31(2): 2407061.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.3489

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V31/I2/2407061

图/表 8

Polar host material	Synthesis method	Morphology	Sulfur loading& (sulfur content in cathode by weight) [mg·cm^-2] & [%]	Voltage window (vs. Li⁺) [V]	Electrochemical performance (initial capacity {mAh·g^-1} and cycles) &decay Rate claimed (per cycle)	Sulfur infiltration method	Ref.
TiN	Solid-solid phase separation method	Mesoporous sphere	0.6816	1.6-2.8	988(65.2% after 500 cycle) at C/2 & (N/A)	Melt-diffusion	[53]
TiN-VN@CNFs	electrospinning method	Multichannel structure of the fibers	5.6	1.7-2.8	1388 at C/10(1110 after 100 cycles at C/5) & 0.051% at 1 C	Melt-diffusion	[54]
CNTs@TiN-TiO₂	atomic layer depositi-on	Deposition of TiN layer on the CNT surface	15	1.5-3	1431(1330 after 350 cycles) at C/5 & 0.0056% at 1 C, 0.031% at 2 C	Li₂S₆ and electrolyte (lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems)	[80]
TiN	Hydrothermal method	Hollow and porous nanostructure	70 wt%	1.7-2.7	692 at 5 C (740 after 400 cycles at 1 C) & 0.006% at 1 C	Melt-diffusion	[82]
TiN	Hydrothermal and calcined	Hollow porous tubes	73.8 wt%	1.7-2.7	1026 at C/5(above 840 after 450 cycles at C/2)	Melt-diffusion	[83]
CNT@TiN	Mild solvothermal method and a nitriding process	Nanoparticles	1	N/A	1175(734 after 100 cycles) at C/5 & 0.19%	Melt-diffusion	[84]
TMN	Taku-san chemical synthesis method	2D arrays of few-nanometer nanocrystals	5.1	N/A	912.8(796.5% after 1000 cycles at 1 C) & 0.013%	Melt-diffusion	[86]
TiN	Heating method	Nanostructures	7	1.5-3	1524(358 after 100 cycles) at C/10 & N/A	S₈ Li₂S and electrolyte	[87]
TiN	Hydrothermal and Heating method	Hollow TiN microspheres	60 wt%	1.8-2.8	1218(623.3 after 300 cycles) & N/A	Melt-diffusion	[88]
VN	Hydrothermal method	Pea shape nanoparticles,	8	1.5-3	573(N/A)	Lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems	[77]
VN/G	Hydrothermal and annealing method	3D interconnected network	3&(N/A)	1.7-2.8	1471(above 99.5% after 100 cycle) at C/2 & 0.15%	Li₂S₆ and electrolyte (lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems)	[72]
VN	Hydrothermal and facile nitridation treatment	Aerogel nanowires	4 & (40 wt%)	1.8-2.8	1121(836 after 400 cycles) & 0.06%	Melt-diffusion	[85]
VN	molten salt template method	Porous structure	70 wt%	1.7-2.8	1050(75% after 100 cycles) at C/5 & 0.059%	Melt-diffusion	[92]
VN	calcination, washing and polyaniline-coating	Porous rod-like structure	70 wt%	1.6-2.8	1007(735 after 150 cycles) at 0.5 A/g & N/A	Melt-diffusion	[93]
p-Fe₂N/n-VN PNCF	soft template and electrospinning technology	Heterostructure	6.5(71 wt%)	N/A	1358.2(93% after 300 cycles) at C/10 & N/A	Melt-diffusion	[90]
VN/M/NC	molten salt Template method	Small and uniformly dispersed VN particles	70 wt%	1.7-2.8	798(81.5% after 500 cycles) at 1C & 0.036%	Melt-diffusion	[91]
MVN@C NWs	Hydrothermal AND nitridation	Mesopores structure	2.7(57.2 wt%)	1.6-3	1040 at 1 C (735 after 200 cycles at 2 C) & N/A	Soaking with S/CS₂ and Melt-diffusion	[93]
MOF-Co₄N	facile solvent method	2D nitrogen-doped carbon structure	1(N/A)	1.7-2.8	1425(≈82.5 after 400 cycle) at 1 C & (N/A)	Li₂S₆ and electrolyte (lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems)	[62]
Co₄N	Hydrothermal method	Mesoporous sphere	72.3 wt%	1.7-2.7	1659(above 94% after 100 cycle) at C/2 & 0.01%	Melt-diffusion	[79]
CuCoN_0.6/NC	electrospinning and nitridation method	Necklace-like	2.72	1.7-2.8	1218(85.2% after 100 cycles) at C/10 & 0.076%	Li₂S₆and electrolyte (lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems)	[89]
Mo₂N	soft templating approach	Mesoporous sphere	1.1	1.7-2.8	995(91.9% after 100 cycle) at C/2 &0.081%	Melt-diffusion	[71]
MoN	one-pot ammoniation strategy	3D network structure	3.1	1.7-2.8	1315(990 after 350 cycles) at 1 C & 0.062%	Melt-diffusion and annealing	[72]
MoN@CMK-5	Hydrothermal method	bimodal pore system	70 wt%	1.7-2.8	1582 at 0.1 C (475.8 after 1000 cycles) at 5 C & 0.027%	Melt-diffusion	[81]
WN	Hydrothermal method	Face-centered cubic (fcc) structure	8	1.5-3	697(700 after 100 cycles)	Lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems	[85]
Mo₂N	Hydrothermal method	Mesoporous nano rod shaped porous	8	1.5-3	264(N/A)	Lithium/dissolved polysulfide systems	[77]
WN	self-templating hydrothermal reaction	3D porous hierarchical WN nanobolcks	0.92(52 wt%)	1.7-2.8	N/A (358 after 500 cycles at 2 C)	Melt-diffusion	[77]
AlN@NCNs	Heating, drying, washing, precipitation, drying	Crossinked thin nanosheets	70.7 wt%	1.6-2.8	1297 (459.1 after 300 cycles) at 0.2 A/g & N/A	Melt-diffusion	[59]

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