电化学（中英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 2108511. doi: 10.13208/j.electrochem.210851
所属专题： “理论计算模拟”专题文章； “电催化和燃料电池”专题文章； iSAIEC 2023； “AI for Electrochemistry”专题文章
• 综述 • 上一篇
李吉利1, 李晔飞1,*(
), 刘智攀1,2,*()
收稿日期:2021-11-04
修回日期:2021-12-21
出版日期:2022-02-28
发布日期:2022-01-02
通讯作者:
李晔飞,刘智攀
E-mail:yefeil@fudan.edu.cn;zpliu@fudan.edu.cn
Ji-Li Li1, Ye-Fei Li1,*(), Zhi-Pan Liu1,2,*()
Received:2021-11-04
Revised:2021-12-21
Published:2022-02-28
Online:2022-01-02
Contact:
Ye-Fei Li,Zhi-Pan Liu
E-mail:yefeil@fudan.edu.cn;zpliu@fudan.edu.cn
摘要：
电化学中的理论计算模拟对于从原子水平理解电化学过程中的机制至关重要,它可以弥补许多实验上无法解释的现象,如果能在原子尺度上确定理解反应的活性中心,得到电极或电催化剂结构的演变过程,建立反应的微观机理,从根本上解决电极氧化和腐蚀的问题,提高电化学催化剂的活性和稳定性,从而设计更高效的电催化剂。然而,电化学的理论计算模拟中仍然存在诸多问题,例如,溶剂化效应的实现、电极/电解质（金属/溶液）界面之间合适的模拟模型和方法、电化学过程中的结构演化以及如何降低结构计算的计算代价等。在这里,我们回顾了电化学建模方法的最新进展以及我们小组通过使用修正的泊松-玻尔兹曼连续介质溶剂化模型模拟溶剂化效应对溶剂化效应和模型进行改进。同时为了减少计算代价,我们更关注机器学习在电化学模拟中的应用,主要分为两个部分,即通过快速对多种不同组分的能量进行计算并筛选出合适组分,但是无法得到实际的结构演变情况。另一个是通过快速结构取样得到不同组分不同的结构变化能够更为直观的获得结构的演变过程,从而揭示反应的机理。我们以本课题组开发的SSW-NN的方法为例,总结了基于机器学习的原子模拟在电化学方面的应用,介绍了SSW-NN,模拟电化学反应条件下电极和电催化剂的氧化和腐蚀,并阐明了催化剂结构的活性和稳定性。
李吉利, 李晔飞, 刘智攀. 电化学理论模拟方法的发展及其在铂基燃料电池中的应用[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2022, 28(2): 2108511.
Ji-Li Li, Ye-Fei Li, Zhi-Pan Liu. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Kinetics Simulations and Their Applications in Pt-based Fuel Cells[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(2): 2108511.
Figure 1.
(A) Gouy-Chapman-Stern representation of electric double layer[10]. (B) The periodic slab employed with the double-reference method to determine the potential[29]. Reproduced with permission of Ref. 10 (A) and Ref. 29 (B). Copyright with 2014 American Chemical Society and Copyright with 2007 Springer Science Business Media, LLC. (color on line)
Figure 2.
Contour plots of total electrostatic potential for formate-adsorbed Pt(111) (A) without and (B) with the continuum solvation shell; (C) MD snapshot for the formate-adsorbed Pt(111)/H2O system taken after 10 ps NVT simulation at 300 K[16]. Reproduced with permission of Ref 16. Copyright with 2009 American Chemical Society. (color on line)
Figure 3.
(A) Illustration of the SSW global optimization. (B) Scheme for the Behlar NN architecture[39]. (C) Procedure for generating the training dataset using SSW global optimization. Reproduced with permission of Ref. 39 (B). Copyright with 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry. (color on line)
Figure 4.
(A) Free energy profiles for ORR on Pt(111) at 0.8 V and the structural snapshots of *O2, *OOH, *O, TS1, TS2, and TS3. (B) Plots for the free energy barrier (ΔGa) vs. potential (U) of two reaction pathways for ORR on Pt(111). (C) Tafel curve and the contributions from two reaction pathways. The insert in (C) is the I-V curve with the maximum limiting current at the low potentials being ~ -3.9 mA·cm-2 as determined from experiment[42]. Reproduced with permission of Ref 42 (A) and Ref 42 (B-C). Copyright with 2012 American Chemical Society and Copyright with 2012 American Chemical Society. (color on line)
Figure 5.
Free energy diagram and the stable structures for each stage. (A) The O coverage; (B) The quasidifferential oxygen adsorption energy[44]; (C-D) Formation free energy of the phase-II (ΔGII) and the phase-III (ΔGII) as described in Reactions (3.9) and (3.10)[44]; (E) Structures for the surface adsorption phase (the phase-I), subsurface O phase (the phase-II), and surface vacancy phase (the phase-III) for the 0.625 ML O, 0.67 ML O and 1 ML O covered Pt(111), Pt(211), and Pt(100) surfaces at 1.2 V, respectively. Blue balls: subsurface Pt; yellow balls: surface Pt; red balls: O[44]. (F) Atomic model of Pt(730) plane with a high density of stepped surface atoms[4]. (G) Surface phase diagram of Pt(111) and Pt2M (M = Sc, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag) alloys[45]. (H) Schematic free energy profile for the O-OH dissociation pathway for ORR on Pt(111) and Pt2Mo(111)[45]. Reproduced with permission of Ref. 44 (A-E), Ref. 4 (F), Ref. 45 (G) and Ref. 45 (H). Copyright with 2010 American Chemical Society, Copyright with 2007 The American Asso-ciation for the Advancement of Science,Copyright with 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry and Copyright with 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry. (color on line)
Figure 6.
(A) The size vs. shape diagram for Pt nanoparticles from experiment (black) and theory (blue)[46]. (B) Calculated MA of Pt nanoparticles[46]. (C) Surface composition of Pt201 by combining thermodynamics and the steady-state kinetics analysis using DFT/CM-MPB calculations[46]. Blue balls: Pt; red balls: O. Reproduced with permission of Ref. 46(A-C). Copyright with 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry. (color on line)
Figure 7.
Structures and energetic profiles for the evolution of Pt3Ni(111) under ORR conditions at 0.9 V vs. RHE. (A) Atomic str-uctures of intermediate states. The atoms above the (111) surface plane are depicted in the ball-and-stick style, while other atoms are depicted in the CPK style. (B) Energetic profiles for the evolution of Pt3Ni(111). Colors in (A): Blue balls are Pt; Violet balls are Ni; Red balls are O. (color on line)
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