电化学（中英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 2108461. doi: 10.13208/j.electrochem.210846
所属专题： “下一代二次电池”专题文章； “表界面”专题文章
宋亚杰1, 孙雪1, 任丽萍1, 赵雷1,2, 孔凡鹏1,*(
), 王家钧1,*()
收稿日期:2021-10-17
修回日期:2021-12-04
出版日期:2022-03-28
发布日期:2021-12-18
Ya-Jie Song1, Xue Sun1, Li-Ping Ren1, Lei Zhao1,2, Fan-Peng Kong1,*(), Jia-Jun Wang1,*()
Received:2021-10-17
Revised:2021-12-04
Published:2022-03-28
Online:2021-12-18
Contact:
*Fan-Peng Kong: Tel: (86-451) 86403807, E-mail: fpkong@hit.edu.cn;
Jia-Jun Wang: Tel: (86-451) 86403807, E-mail: jiajunhit@hit.edu.cn
摘要：
电动汽车的快速发展迫切需要高能量密度的电池。近年来,金属空气电池由于其超高的理论能量密度,在工业和学术领域引起了广泛的关注。然而,其副反应严重、能量效率低、循环寿命有限等诸多缺点严重阻碍了其实际应用的可行性。了解电池反应机理并进一步制定有效的策略有利于金属-空气电池的实际应用。在过去十年中,先进的表征技术加速了金属空气电池的发展。特别是基于同步加速器的表征技术因其无损检测能力和高分辨率已被广泛应用于金属空气电池的机理理解。在这篇综述中,我们系统地总结了各种用于分析金属空气电池局部结构和化学特性的同步辐射表征技术,特别关注于这些先进的表征技术如何帮助理解电池降解机理和优化策略的本质。本进展报告旨在强调同步辐射表征在金属空气电池机理理解的关键作用。
宋亚杰, 孙雪, 任丽萍, 赵雷, 孔凡鹏, 王家钧. 同步辐射表征技术在金属空气电池研究中的应用[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2022, 28(3): 2108461.
Ya-Jie Song, Xue Sun, Li-Ping Ren, Lei Zhao, Fan-Peng Kong, Jia-Jun Wang. Synchrotron X-Rays Characterizations of Metal-Air Batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2022, 28(3): 2108461.
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of the representative synchrotron-based techniques for investigating metal-air batteries. (color on line)
Figure 2
(A) Schematic of the diffraction process based on Bragg's law. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[30], copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. (B) Synchrotron radiation XRD test device. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[37], copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. (C) Schematic diagram of in situ SXRD test and battery structure. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[38], copyright 2015 Nature Publishing Group. (color on line)
Figure 3
Schematic diagram showing the principle of multiple scattering of atoms and the spectroscopic features reflected in XAFS. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[41], copyright 2015 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. (color on line)
Figure 4
Schematic diagram of full-field TXM and in situ cell structure. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[49], copyright 2015 Nature Publishing Group. (color on line)
Figure 5
(A) Sketch of SR X-ray CT experimental device; (B) In situ Li-air cell structure. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[58], copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (color on line)
Table 1
Summary of synchrotron X-ray technology for metal-air cell research.
| Technique | Information | Sample Property | Advantage | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SXRD | Structure lattice plane | Contains crystal structure | Structural Analysis | Does not work for noncrystalline samples |
| SRPES | Chemistry | Solids, liquids | Chemical composition analysis | Low spatial resolution |
| XAFS | Coordination and valence, etc. | Solids, liquids, gases | Microstructure analysis Mechanistic analysis | The information provided is the average structure |
| STXM | Elemental (including light elements) | Solids | Light-element mapping Chemical composition distribution | Thin sample, vacuum chamber |
| SR CT | 2D/3D imaging | Contains solidphase | Morphological evolution Product distribution | Weak image contrast for light elements |
Figure 6
(A-D) Schematic cell configurations for different types of Li-air batteries. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[59], copyright 2017 Elsevier. (E) The reaction pathways in nonaqueous Li-air batteries. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[60], copyright 2020 Elsevier. (color on line)
Figure 7
(A) In situ synchrotron X-ray tomographic technique investigation of electrochemical and morphological of Li-metal anode. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[58], copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (B) Synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast tomographic observation on morphological evolution of LMS. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[64], copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. (C) In situ synchrotron study of Li-air system under cycling process. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[38], copyright 2013 Nature Publishing Group. (color on line)
Figure 8
(A) Operando SXRD characterization of discharge product with LiBr as RMs. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[68], copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (B) O K-edge XANES spectra and STXM images of the discharge products. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[69], copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. (C) STXM images of the discharge particles and average O K-edge XANES spectra of the same samples. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[70], copyright 2017 Elsevier. (color on line)
Figure 9
(A) In situ synchrotron XRD patterns and XANES of the Co@CoOx catalysts. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[74], copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. (B) X-ray Nanocomputed Tomography in Zernike Phase Contrast of the cathode. Reproduced with per-mission of Ref.[76], copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. (C) STXM optical density images and the corresponding XANES spectra of C, Cl, and O distributions. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[77], copyright 2020 Elsevier. (D) STXM images of carbon-coated Au TEM grid after being fully discharged in a Li-air cell. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[78], copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. (color on line)
Figure 10
(A) Schematic diagram of a typical rechargeable non-aqueous Na-air battery. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[80], copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (B) Electronic configuration of the superoxide (top) and peroxide (bottom) anions. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[82], copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (color on line)
Figure 11
(A) XAFS of CoO/CoP heterostructure (top two pictures) and in situ SXRD of discharge process (bottom two pictures). Reproduced with permission of Ref.[93], copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (B) K-edge XANES of O and Na in TEY and FLY modes. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[95], copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. (C) SR X-ray CT with pure sodium metal (top three pictures) and Na@CC symmetric battery (top three pictures). Reproduced with permission of Ref.[96], copyright 2021 Elsevier. (color on line)
Figure 12
(A) O K-edge and N K-edge XAS of NCNT-PAN air electrode at different charge and discharge states. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[101], copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (B) FY and TEY modes of O K-edge XANES. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[102], copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. (C) Design drawing of Swagelok battery for synchrotron X-ray tomography. (D) The particle size distribution in the selected area inside the cathode is analyzed by CT. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[103], copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group. (E) Absorbance image at 525.7 eV of a cubic discharge particle by STXM. (F) O K-edge XANES spectra of the Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) reconstructed components in the discharged particle. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[104], copyright 2017 Elsevier. (color on line)
Figure 13
(A) Schematic diagram of Zn-air battery with an aqueous alkaline electrolyte. (B) Schematic diagram of non-aqueous flexible Zn-air battery. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[105], copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH. (color on line)
Figure 14
(A) Integrated intensities of the red Zn (102) and black ZnO (002) reflections from battery Zn1 over time at different positions in the anode starting. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[112], copyright 2019 Elsevier. (B-C) SR X-ray CT of Zn dendrite growth with (B) or without (C) a separator. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[113], copyright 2019 Elsevier. (color on line)
Figure 15
(A) In situ SXRD in the discharge process of Zn/Zn-Bi2O3 anode. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[116], copyright 2018 Elsevier. (B) SEM and CT characterizations of the 3D interface in Asy-cathode. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[117], copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. (color on line)
Figure 16
(A) K-edge XANES spectra and EXAFS of Co-POC. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[118], copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (B) Fe-N4 SAs/NPC. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[119], copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. (C) (Fe, Co)/CNT. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[121], copyright 2018 Elsevier. (D) CoNi-SAs/NC. Reproduced with permission of Ref.[122], copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (color on line)
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