太阳能光（电）催化固氮研究进展

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.3443

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨（NH₃）是一种现代社会必需的化学物质。目前，工业上合成NH₃仍然采用的是Haber-Bosch过程，即以H₂和N₂为反应物在铁基催化剂的作用下于高温（400-600 ^oC）高压（20-40 Mpa）下将N₂转化为NH₃。然而，其效率只有10%-15%，同时造成大量的能源消耗，而且CO₂排放不可避免。开发构建可持续发展的清洁友好的新能源体系是解决能源危机和环境污染问题、实现碳达峰和碳中和的关键战略。半导体光（电）催化固氮可以利用绿色无污染的太阳能制取重要的基础化工原料氨，有望代替传统的化工制氨工艺，解决其能源消耗严重和环境污染的问题。本文概述了光（电）催化固氮反应及其影响因素、光催化、电催化和光电催化固氮反应实验装置与基本特征、光（电）催化固氮反应催化剂研究进展、光电催化固氮反应机理，着重论述了半导体光催化剂、光（电）催化固氮体系以及光催化固氮机理的最新进展，并对太阳能光催化固氮技术加以评述和展望。

关键词: 太阳能, 光（电）催化, 固氮

Abstract:

Ammonia (NH₃) is an essential chemical in modern society. It is currently produced in industry by the Haber-Bosch process using H₂ and N₂ as reactants in the presence of iron-based catalysts at high-temperature (400-600 ^oC) and extremely highpressure (20-40 MPa) conditions. However, its efficiency is limited to 10% to 15%. At the same time, a large amount of energy is consumed, and CO₂ emission is inevitably. The development of a sustainable, clean, and environmentally friendly energy system represents a key strategy to address energy crisis and environmental pollution, ultimately aiming to achieve carbon neutrality. Within this framework, semiconductor photocatalytic nitrogen fixation leverages green and pollution-free solar energy to produce NH₃ — an essential chemical raw material. This innovative process offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional chemical NH₃ production method that involves tremendous energy consumption and environmental pollution. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the photo(electroc)catalytic nitrogen fixation reaction, covering influencing factor, experimental equipment of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, characteristics, and reaction mechanism. Particularly, recent advances in semiconductor photocatalyst, photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation system, and photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation mechanism are discussed. Future research directions in solar photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation technology are also outlined.

Key words: Solar energy, Photo(electro)catalysis, Nitrogen fixation

马俊博, 林生, 林志群, 孙岚, 林昌健. 太阳能光（电）催化固氮研究进展[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2024, 30(3): 2314003.

Ma Jun-Bo, Lin Sheng, Lin Zhiqun, Sun Lan, Lin Chang-Jian. Recent Advances in Solar Photo(electro)catalytic Nitrogen Fixation[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2024, 30(3): 2314003.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.3443

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V30/I3/2314003

图/表 9

参考文献 146

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