锂硫电池及关键材料研究进展

doi:10.13208/j.electrochem.200642

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂硫电池因具有远高于传统锂离子电池的理论比容量和质量能量密度,而受到人们的广泛关注,近年来一直是高能锂金属电池领域的研究热点之一. 然而这一体系的一些固有特性问题依然没有得到解决,无法实现稳定理论容量输出,严重阻碍了锂硫电池的实际应用. 其中,比较突出的问题是电池充放电过程中生成可溶性中间产物-多硫化物-对硫基正极、锂基负极和电解液等电池关键组成部分具有深刻的影响. 本综述从多硫化物的热力学和动力学等性质入手,详细介绍了锂硫电池中关键材料的功能化设计和优化策略,并对未来的发展做出展望.

Abstract:

Due to the much higher theoretical specific capacity and energy density than the ones of traditional lithium ion battery, Li-S batteries have long been at the pinnacle in the realms of high-energy Li-metal batteries. However, the complicated electrochemical reactions on the sulfur cathode and Li anode, induced by the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of lithium polysulfides, are the intrinsic bottleneck to realize the full potential of Li-S batteries for practical application. In this review, we firstly discuss the roles, and thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of polysulfides in the charging and discharging processes of Li-S batteries. Then, the functional design and optimization strategy of sulfur cathode, Li anode and electrolytes are introduced in detail. Finally, new insights are prospected for future advanced Li-S batteries.

Key words: lithium-sulfur batteries, polysulfides, sulfur-based cathode, lithium-based anode, electrolyte

中图分类号:

O646.21

陈嘉嘉, 董全峰. 锂硫电池及关键材料研究进展[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2020, 26(5): 648-662.

CHEN Jia-jia, DONG Quan-feng. Research Progress of Key Components in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2020, 26(5): 648-662.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.13208/j.electrochem.200642

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2020/V26/I5/648

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	Category	Material characterization	Issue	Electrochemical performance	Ref.
Sulfur- based cathode	Elemental sulfur	High specific capacity	Polysulfide shuttling	1000 mAh·g^-1 after 20 cycles (0.1 C)	[31]
	Inorganic metal sulfide (Li₂S, TiS₄, MoS₃ et al.)	Li₂S : match with non-lithium anode or poor-lithium anode TiS₄, MoS₃: Lithium intercalation and deintercalation mechanism	Large energy barrier at the first charging Reduced specific capacity	~1040 mAh·g_s^-1 after 700 cycles (0.5 C) TiS₄: 563 mAh·g^-1 (20 mA·g^-1, 1.9-3 V) MoS₃: 585 mAh·g^-1 (0.45 A·g^-1, 1.2-3 V)	[79] [80] [81]
	Organosulfides (Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile et al.)	1. Overcoming the low conductivity of sulfur. 2. Uniform sulfur distribution 3. Solid-solid conversion reaction mechanism	Low sulfur content	6 mAh·cm^-2 after 120 cycles (sulfur loading 6.23 mg·cm^-2)	[78]
Lithium- based anode	Lithium foil	High specific capacity	Lithium dendrites	Cycling efficiency of 83% after 54 cycles	[82]
	Lithium powder	Highly distributed current density	Complicated preparation process	Cycling efficiency of 92.9% after 126 cycles	[82]
	Lithium alloy	1. Reduced reactivity between lithium and electrolyte 2. Improved interface stability 3. Intercalation and deintercalation mechanism	Dramatic volume change and reduced specific capacity	Capacity retention of 98% after 400 cycles	[83]