Fig. 7a. Photograph, SEM image and schematic diagram of the BD3/50EVOH membran. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [57]. Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry. b. Photograph and 1H NMR spectra of 3FBP-Te.. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [58]. Copyright 2024, Wiley. c. SEM image and schematic diagram of the PVA/PEG@NiFe-LDH membrane. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [59]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. d. Solid-state 13C NMR spectrum of WSM, and typical structures of cellulose/hemicellulose and pectin. Reproduced with permission of Ref. [60]. Copyright 2024, Nature.