导电聚合物的电化学制备和电化学性质研究——中国科学院有机固体重点实验室导电聚合物电化学研究工作简介(I)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 　简要介绍本研究组自上世纪80年代以来在导电聚合物的电化学制备和电化学性质研究中取得的一些主要成果,包括吡咯电化学聚合条件的影响、电化学聚合反应机理及其反应动力学、导电聚吡咯的两种掺杂结构及其两步电化学氧化还原过程和电化学过氧化的机理、导电聚苯胺的电化学性质、导电聚合物稳定性的电化学解释等等.

关键词: 导电聚合物, 聚吡咯, 电化学制备, 电化学性质

Abstract: Conducting polymers have drawn much attention since the discovery of conducting polyacetylene in 1977, due to the novelty and curiosity of their structure and properties as well as their promising applications in many aspects. Among the studies of conducting polymers, the electrochemical preparation and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers are of special importance, because the electropolymerization is a main method for preparing conducting polymer films and the electrochemical properties are the basis for their applications in the fields of electrode materials for batteries, electrocatalysis, electrochromic display, etc. We are one of the earliest research groups in the world to perform the studies of electrochemistry of conducting polymers. Starting from 1980s, we mainly studied the electrochemical polymerization processes of pyrrole and the electrochemical properties of conducting polypyrrole. The main achievements we obtained are as follows:In the studies on the electropolymerization processes of pyrrole: 1) An anion-participated electropolymerization mechanism of pyrrole was proposed and a kinetic equation of the electropolymerization was firstly deduced based on the mechanism; 2) Smooth, flexible and strong conducting polypyrrole (PPy) films (tensile strength reaches 127 MPa) were prepared electrochemically in aqueous solution by adding non-ionic surfactant OP_(10); 3) Effects of the electropolymerization conditions (anions, solvents, pH values of the eletropolymerization solutions, and the polymerization current, potential and temperature etc.) on the conductivity and mechanical strength of the as-prepared PPy films were investigated and optimized systematically. It was found that surfactant anions with concentration higher than 0.1 mol/L, low DN (donor number) solvent, acidic aqueous solution, lower temperature, appropriate current (～ 1 mA/cm) are the optimized conditions for the electropolymerization of highly conductive and flexible and strong PPy films. 4) A proton-acid doping structure was proposed and confirmed in the PPy prepared electrochemically, in addition to the doping structure with its oxidized conjugated chain. In the studies on the electrochemical properties of PPy: 1) Two redox processes of PPy corresponding to its two doping structures were observed, and the mechanisms of the electrochemical redox processes in aqueous and organic solutions were studied and elucidated by means of cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemical measurement, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) etc; 2) The over-potential phenomenon in the first cycle of the cyclic voltammograms of PPy prepared and measured in organic solutions was investigated and elucidated. 3) The electrochemical overoxidation degradation of PPy in aqueous solutions was studied. It was found that the overoxidation potential depends on the pH values of the aqueous solutions, the higher the pH value is, the lower the overoxidation potential will be. The mechanism of the overoxidation was proposed to be related to the oxygen produced by the electrolysis of the aqueous solutions.In addition, the stabilities of conducting polymers in aqueous solutions and in air were elucidated from the electrochemical point of view, and the electrochemical properties of polyaniline (PAn) were also studied and the mechanisms of the redox processes of PAn were elucidated by spectroelectrochemical measurement.

Key words: Conducting polymers, Polypyrnole, Electrochemical preparation

中图分类号:

O646

李永舫. 导电聚合物的电化学制备和电化学性质研究——中国科学院有机固体重点实验室导电聚合物电化学研究工作简介(I)[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2004, 10(4): 369-378.

LI Yong-fange Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China). Studies on the Electrochemical Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Conducting Polymers——Brief Introduction to the Research Work of Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers in CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids(I)[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2004, 10(4): 369-378.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2004/V10/I4/369

参考文献

[1]　ChiangCK,FincherJr.CR,ParkYW,etal.Electricalconductivityindopedpolyacetylene[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,1977,39:1098. [2]　PeiQB(裴启兵),YangY(杨阳),LiYF(李永舫).ConjugatedPolymersandTheirElectroluminescentDevices,in"RecentDevelopmentsofOversea'sPolymerScience",Chapter9(HeTB,HuHJ,edited)[M].Beijing:ChemicalIndustryPress,1997.140～164(inChinese). [3]　LiYF(李永舫).ConductingPolymersandTheirApplications:Topicsfromthe2000NobelPrizeofChemistry,in"CollectionoftheSpeechesofFamousSpecialistsandScholarsinBeijingNormalUniversity",EditedbyJiangL,YangZF[M].Beijing:People'sPress,2002.233～244(inChinese). [4]　LiYF(李永舫),Conductingpolymers[J].ProgressinChemistry,2002,14:207. [5]　QianRY(钱人元)、LiYF(李永舫).Studiesonconductingpolypyrrole[J].Bull.NSFC,1996,3:212. [6]　DiazAF,KanazawaKK,GardiniGP.Electrochemicalpolymerizationofpyrrole[J].J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,1979,635. [7]　LiYF.ElectrochemicalPreparationofConductingPolypyrroleFilms,in"PolymersandOrganicSolids"[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1997.228～244. [8]　LiYF.Electrochemicalpreparationofconductingpolymers,Currenttrendsinpolymerscience[J].ResearchTrends,India,2002,7:100-111. [9]　QianRY,QiuJJ.Electrochemicallypreparedpolypyrrolefromaqueoussolutions[J].Polym.J.,1987,19:157. [10]　ShenYQ,QiuJJ,QianRY,etal.Structureandamountsofcounterionsinpolypyrrolefilmspreparedfromaqueoussolutionsofsodiumtosylate[J].Makromol.Chem.,1987,188:2041. [11]　YangJ,LiYF.Effectofultrasonicwaveontheelectropolymerizationofpyrrole[J].Chin.J.Polym.Sci.,1996,14:270. [12]　OuyangJY,LiYF.Preparationandcharacterizationofflexiblepolypyrrolenitratefilms[J].Synth.Met.,1996,79:121. [13]　LiYF,FanYF.Dopingcompetitionofanionsduringtheelectropolymerizationofpyrroleinaqueoussolutions[J].Synth.Met.,1996,79:225. [14]　OuyangJY,LiYF.Effectofelectrolytesolventontheconductivityandstructureofas-preparedpolypyrrolefilms[J].Polymer,1997,38:1971. [15]　OuyangJY,LiYF.Greatimprovementofpolypyrrolefilmspreparedelectrochemicallyfromaqueoussolutionsbyaddingnonaphenolpolyethyleneoxy(10)ether[J].Polymer,1997,38:3997. [16]　LiYF,YangJ.Effectofelectrolyteconcentrationonthepropertiesoftheelectro-polymerizedpolypyrrolefilms[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1997,65:2739. [17]　LiYF,HeGF.Effectofpreparationconditiononthetwodopingstructuresofpolypyrrole[J].Synth.Met.,1998,94:127. [18]　LiYF,OuyangJY.Effectofnonionicsurfactantadditivesontheelectropolymerizationofpyrroleinaqueoussolutions[J].Synth.Met.,2000,113:23. [19]　LiYF.Effectofanionconcentrationonthekineticsofelectrochemicalpolymerizationofpyrrole[J].J.Electroanal.Chem.,1997,433:181. [20]　ShiJH,SunX,YangCH,etal.Electrochemicalsynthesisofpolythiopheneinanionicliquids[J].Chin.Chem.Lett.,2002,13:306. [21]　LiXH,LiYF.Electropolymerizationofthiopheneinacetonitrilewithborontrifluoride-ethyletherassupportingelectrolyte[J].Synth.Met.,2003,137:215. [22]　LiXH,LiYF.Electrochemicalpreparationofpolythiopheneinacetonitrilesolutionwithboronfluoride-ethyletheraselectrolyte[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2003,90:940. [23]　LiYF,QianRY.Onthenatureofredoxprocessesinthecyclicvoltammetryofpolypyrroleinaqueoussolutions[J].J.Electroanal.Chem.,1993,362:267. [24]　LiYF,QianRY,ImaedaK,etal.,Behaviorofthehightemperatureconductivityofpolypyrrolenitratefilms[J].PolymerJournal,1994,26:535. [25]　LiYF,OuyangJY,YangJ.Twodopingstructuresandstructuralanisotropyrevealedbythemasslossandshrinkageofpolypyrrolefilmsonalkalitreatment[J].Synth.Met.,1995,74:49. [26]　WernetW,MonkenbushM,WegnerG.Onstructureandpropertiesofpolypyrrolealkylsulfonates[J].Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst.,1985,118:193. [27]　QianRY,PeiQB,HuangZT.TheroleofH+ionsintheelectrochemicalpolymerizationofpyrrole[J].Makromol.Chem.,1991,192:1263. [28]　GeniesEM,BidanG,DiazAF.Spectroelectrochemicalstudyofpolypyrrolefilm[J].J.Electroanal.Chem.,1983,149:101. [29]　ZottiG,SchiavonG,ZecchinS,etal.Anionassistedanodecouplingof2,2'-bypyrrole.Roleoftosylateanionintheelectrochemicalsynthesisofpolypyrrole[J].Chem.Mater.,1995,7:1464. [30]　LiYF,QianRY.StudiesonthecompensationofconductingpolypyrrolebyNaOHsolution[J].Synth.Met.,1988,26:139. [31]　LiYF,QianRY.Spectroelectrochemicalanalysisofcyclicvoltammetricbehaviorofpolypyrrole[J].ActaPhys.Chem.Sinica,1988,4:454. [32]　QianRY,LiYF,YanBZ,etal.Electrochemicalaspectsofpolypyrrole[J].Synth.Met.,1989,28:c51. [33]　LiYF,QianRY.EffectofanionandsolutionpHontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofpolypyrroleinaqueoussolution[J].Synth.Met.,1989,28:c127. [34]　YanBZ,YangJ,LiYF,etal,Cyclicvotammetryofpolypyrroleinanhydrousacetonitrilesolutions[J].Synth.Met.,1993,58:17. [35]　LiYF,QianRY.Studiesontheelectrodekineticsofpolypyrroleinaqueoussolutionsbyacimpedancemeasurement[J].Synth.Met.,1994,64:241. [36]　LiYF.Onthelargeoverpotentialofthefirstreductionofpolypyrroleperchloratefilmsinorganicsolutions[J].ElectrochimicaActa,1997,42:203. [37]　LiYF,LiuZF.Electrochemicalquartzcrystalmicrobalancestudiesonthetworeductionprocessesofconductingpolypyrrolenitratefilmsinaqueoussolutions[J].Synth.Met.,1998,94:131. [38]　LiYF,QianRY.Electrochemicalover-oxidationofconductingpolypyrrolenitratefilminaqueoussolution[J].Electrochim.Acta,2000,45:1727. [39]　LiYF,DengBH,HeGF,etal.Tworeductionprocessesofconductingpolypyrroletosylatefilminaqueoussolutions[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2001,79:350. [40]　OuyangJY,LiYF.InfluenceofthedopedcounteranionsonthepenetrationofH+cationsthroughpoly(N-methylpyrrole)[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1996,59:1827. [41]　OuyangJY,LiYF,Aniondominatedelectrochemicalprocessofpoly(N-methylpyrrole)[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1996,61:1487. [42]LiYF,YanBZ,YangJ,etal,Spectroelectrochemicalstudiesofpolyaniline[J].Synth.Met.,1988,25:79. [43]　YanBZ,YangJ,LiYF,etal.Electrochemicaladsorptionofhydrogenandvariousionsonpolyanilinefilm,reactionconcerningthefirstpairofcyclicvoltammetricpeaks[J].Synth.Met.,1991,44:189. [44]　LiYF,QianRY.Stabilityofconductingpolymersfromtheelectrochemicalpointofview[J].Synth.Met.,1993,53:149. [45]　WangP,LiYF.Electrochemicalandelectrocatalyticpropertiesofpolypyrrolefilmdopedwithheteropolyanions[J].J.Electroanal.Chem.,1996,408:77. [46]　GeniesEM,LapkowskiM,PenneauJF.Cyclicvoltammetryofpolyaniline:interpretationofthemiddlepeak[J].JElectroanal.Chem.,1988,249:97.