用于促进碱性介质中析氢反应动力学的异质结构电催化剂的合理设计

doi:10.13208/j.electrochem.2305101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碱性介质中，由于电极材料的较高的稳定性，电催化析氢反应（HER）具有实现大规模制氢的巨大潜力。然而，即使对于最突出的铂催化剂，HER在碱性介质中的反应动力学也比在酸性介质中慢2-3个数量级，这是由于碱性环境下质子的浓度较低。异质结构催化剂具有多种结构优势，研究表明，构建异质结构电催化剂是促进碱性HER动力学的有效策略。协同效应是异质结构的一个独特特征，这意味着一个功能活性位点作为水解离的促进剂，另一个活性位点则负责适度的氢吸附，从而协同提高HER催化性能。此外，异质结构中的每个构建模块都是可调节的，为构建最佳催化剂提供了更多的灵活性和可能性。同时，由于界面处两个组分之间存在费米能级差，可以合理地调控每个组分的电子结构，从而大幅度提高碱性介质中的HER催化性能。随着对纳米结构的深入理解，人们开发了更先进的设计策略来构建高性能异质结构电催化剂。本文综述了异质结构催化剂在碱性HER方面的最新发展，以及构建界面异质结构以促进碱性HER动力学性能的合理设计原则。我们首先介绍了HER在碱性介质中的基本反应途径，然后详细讨论了促进碱性HER动力学的新兴有效策略，包括协同效应、应变效应、电子相互作用、相工程和结构工程，最后提出了未来面向实际应用的新型异质结构催化剂设计所面临的挑战和研究机遇。

关键词: 界面异质结构, 制氢, 水离解, 氢吸附, 协同效应

Abstract:

Owing to the merits of high energy density, as well as clean and sustainable properties, hydrogen has been deemed to be a prominent alternative energy to traditional fossil fuels. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been considered to be mostly promising for achieving green hydrogen production, and has been widely studied in acidic and alkaline solutions. In particular, HER in alkaline media has high potential to achieve large-scale hydrogen production because of the increased durability of electrode materials. However, for the currently most prominent catalyst Pt, its HER kinetics in an alkaline solution is generally 2-3 orders lower than that occurring in an acidic solution because of the low H⁺concentration in alkaline electrolytes. Fortunately, construction of heterostructured electrocatalysts has proved to be an efficient strategy for boosting alkaline HER kinetics because of their various structural merits. The synergistic effect is a unique characteristic of heterostructures, which means that one functional active site serves as a promoter for water dissociation and another one takes a charge of moderate hydrogen adsorption, thus synergistically improving HER performance. In addition, each building block of the heterostructures is tunable, providing more flexibility and chances to construct optimal catalysts. Furthermore, due to the presence of Fermi energy difference between the two components at the interface, the electronic structure of each component could possibly be rationally modulated, thus much enhanced HER performance in alkaline electrolyte can be achieved. With a deeper understanding of on nanoscience and rapid development of nanotechnology, more sophisticated alternative designing strategies have been explored for constructing high-performance heterostructured electrocatalysts. This review presents an outline of the latest development of heterostructured catalysts toward alkaline HER and the rational design principles for constructing interfacial heterostructures to accelerate alkaline HER kinetics. The basic reaction pathways of HER in alkaline media are first described, and then emerging efficient strategies to promote alkaline HER kinetics, including synergistic effect, strain effect, electronic interaction, phase engineering, and architecture engineering. Finally, current existing challenges and research opportunities that deserve further investigation are proposed for the consideration of novel heterostructures towards practical applications.

Key words: Interfacial heterostructure, Hydrogen production, Water dissociation, Hydrogen adsorption, Synergistic effect

马海斌, 周晓延, 李嘉艺, 程洪飞, 马吉伟. 用于促进碱性介质中析氢反应动力学的异质结构电催化剂的合理设计[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2024, 30(1): 2305101.

Hai-Bin Ma, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Jia-Yi Li, Hong-Fei Cheng, Ji-Wei Ma. Rational Design of Heterostructured Nanomaterials for Accelerating Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics in Alkaline Media[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2024, 30(1): 2305101.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.13208/j.electrochem.2305101

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V30/I1/2305101

图/表 12

参考文献 118

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