与生物医学植入器件中的神经电刺激过程相关的电化学研究(英文)

doi:10.61558/2993-074X.2092

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物医学工程、微电子加工技术和神经科学的进展推动了用于神经电刺激的新型和先进的生物医学器件的问世，使各类患者的某些感官功能得以恢复，并改善了患者的生活质量.在这些生物医学器件中，人工耳蜗植入器件、人工视觉植入器件、深层脑部刺激器件和脊髓刺激器件都取得了很大进展.刺激电极是生物医学植入器件中的关键部件之一.当刺激电极与活体组织相接触时，形成了电子器件和生物体组织间的接触界面.本文首先以耳蜗植入器件和视觉植入器件为例，简要介绍了生物医学植入器件的工作原理和现状.在此基础上，着重对神经电刺激器件所涉及的电化学概念、测试方法及其进展进行了评述.介绍了电刺激和电极/活体组织界面上电荷注入的基本原理和机制.也对常用的电极材料和微电极加工技术进行了评介.讨论了植入式器件研发过程中所遇到的与电化学相关的挑战，诸如电极反应、电极阻抗、电荷注入容量、微电极阵列、电极腐蚀以及生物兼容性等.此外，也讨论了微型传感器和微型生物传感器在植入式器件中的应用前景.刺激电极长期处于活体组织内的苛刻条件下会渐渐失效，腐蚀、氧化和脱壳等情况的出现都会降低器件的使用寿命，甚至危及机体.本文也对此进行了讨论.对设计和加工所面临挑战的清醒认识促使包括电化学家在内的多学科专家和工程技术人员共同努力，以推进神经刺激生物医学植入器件的长足进展和实际应用，使感官功能失效的患者得以受惠.

关键词: 神经刺激, 生物医学植入器件, 电极/活体组织界面

Abstract: Advances in biomedical engineering, micro-fabrication technology, and neuroscience have led to many novel and improved biomedical implants for electrical neural stimulation to restore human function and improve the quality of human life. Some examples of such biomedical devices are cochlear implants, visual implants, deep brain stimulators and spinal cord stimulators. One of the key components of biomedical implants is the stimulating electrodes. The electrodes, when in contact with living tissue, form an interface between the electronic device and the biological tissue. This paper reviews electrochemical aspects of neural stimulation implants. A brief introduction on the developments of biomedical implants is presented. The basis for electrical stimulation and the fundamental mechanisms of charge injection at the electrode/tissue interface are introduced. A survey of the most commonly used electrode materials and methods in the fabrication of microelectrodes is given. Some electrochemical related challenges for the development of medical implants, such as electrode reactions, impedance, charge injection capability, electrode corrosion and biocompatibility are discussed. In addition, microsensors and microbiosensors for possible applications in biomedical implants are reviewed. The challenges in the development of chronic implantable sensors for medical implants are also discussed. A better understanding of design issues and challenges may encourage interdisciplinary efforts including more contributions from electrochemists to push forward the development of neural stimulation biomedical implants.

Key words: neural stimulation, biomedical implants, electrode/tissue interface

中图分类号:

Q81
O646.54

周道民, Robert Greenberg. 与生物医学植入器件中的神经电刺激过程相关的电化学研究(英文)[J]. 电化学（中英文）, 2011, 17(3): 249-262.

David Zhou, Robert Greenberg. Electrochemistry in Neural Stimulation by Biomedical Implants[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2011, 17(3): 249-262.

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链接本文: https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/10.61558/2993-074X.2092

https://electrochem.xmu.edu.cn/CN/Y2011/V17/I3/249

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