Research Progress on Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Received date: 2024-11-16
Revised date: 2025-01-23
Accepted date: 2025-02-20
Online published: 2025-02-20
目前，新能源技术高速发展，储能系统广泛应用，锂离子电池在其中占据着主导地位，因此通过热管理技术保障其使用性能、安全性并延长使用寿命也至关重要。本文首先综述了锂电池热失控的诱因，并根据近年来相关文献对比了常用的三种锂电池热管理技术，即空气冷却、液体冷却和相变材料冷却。空气冷却技术因其结构简单、成本较低而被广泛研究，但控温效果较差。液体冷却技术通过液体介质的循环来带走热量，具有较好的冷却效果，但系统相对复杂。相变材料（PCM）冷却技术利用相变材料的高潜热来吸收和释放热量，能有效降低电池的峰值温度并提高温度均匀性，但导热系数低和液体泄漏是其主要问题。综上所述，锂电池热管理技术正朝着更高效、更安全和成本效益更高的方向发展。耦合冷却系统，如结合液体冷却和相变材料冷却的方法，显示出巨大的潜力。未来的研究将继续探索新的材料和技术，以满足社会和市场对锂电池性能和安全性的日益增长的需求。
李宏达 , 沈秋婉 , 张朝阳 , 赵新悦 , 魏源 , 李世安 . 锂电池热管理研究进展[J]. 电化学, 2025 , 31(7) : 2411161 . DOI: 10.61558/2993-074X.3526
Nowadays, new energy technologies are developing rapidly, energy storage systems are widely used, and lithium-ion batteries occupy a dominant position among them. Therefore, it is also very important to ensure their performance, safety and service life through thermal management technology. In this paper, the causes of thermal runaway of lithium batteries are reviewed firstly, and three commonly used thermal management technologies, namely, air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, are compared according to relevant literature in recent years. Air cooling technology has been widely studied because of its simple structure and low cost, but its temperature control effect is poor. Liquid cooling technology takes away heat through the circulation of liquid medium, which has a good cooling effect, but the system is relatively complex. Phase change material (PCM) cooling technology uses the high latent heat of PCM to absorb and release heat, which can effectively reduce the peak temperature of a battery and improve the temperature uniformity, but the low thermal conductivity and liquid leakage are its main problems. To sum up, lithium-ion battery thermal management technology is moving towards a more efficient, safer and cost-effective direction. Coupled cooling systems, such as those combining liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, show great potential. Future research will continue to explore new materials and technologies to meet the growing demands of society and the market for lithium-ion battery performance and safety.
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