可充电锂氧（Li-O₂）电池因其高能量密度而受到广泛关注。然而，缓慢的阴极动力学导致较高过电压和较差的循环性能。为了克服这一问题，不同种类的阴极催化剂已经开始被探索。其中，钌基电催化剂已被证明是促进析氧反应（OER）的极具前景的阴极催化剂。由于钌基催化剂与超氧根阴离子（O₂^-）中间体之间存在强相互作用，因此可以通过调节Li₂O₂的形态来促进过氧化锂（Li₂O₂）的分解。本文介绍了钌基电催化剂的设计策略，以提高其在锂氧电池中的OER催化动力学。不同结构的钌基催化剂已经被总结，包括金属颗粒（钌金属和合金）、单原子催化剂和不同底物（碳材料、金属氧化物/硫化物）负载钌的化合物，以调节钌基电催化剂的电子结构和基体结构。这些钌基电催化剂调节了对LiO₂的吸附，提高了OER活性，抑制了副产物的形成，从而提升了Li-O₂电池的可逆性和循环稳定性。然而，Li-O₂电池仍然面临着许多挑战。其中之一是锂金属阳极的问题，锂的不稳定性和安全性一直是Li-O₂电池研究的一个关键问题。此外，电解质的选择和阴极材料的优化也是当前研究的重点之一。为了提高Li-O₂电池的性能，还需要对添加剂（即氧化还原介质）进行更深入的研究，以提高电池的循环寿命和能量密度。这些挑战的克服将需要跨学科的合作和持续的研究努力，以推动Li-O₂电池的进一步发展。

Rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O₂) batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density. However, the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling performance. Ruthenium (Ru)-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising cathode catalysts to promote oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It facilitates decomposition of lithium peroxide (Li₂O₂) by adjusting Li₂O₂ morphologies, which is due to the strong interaction between Ru-based catalyst and superoxide anion (O₂^-) intermediate. In this review, the design strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts are introduced to enhance their OER catalytic kinetics in Li-O₂ batteries. Different configurations of Ru-based catalysts, including metal particles (Ru metal and alloys), single-atom catalysts, and Ru-loaded compounds with various substrates (carbon materials, metal oxides/sulfides), have been summarized to regulate the electronic structure and the matrix architecture of the Ru-based electrocatalysts. The structure-property relationship of Ru-based catalysts is discussed for a better understanding of the Li₂O₂ decomposition mechanism at the cathode interface. Finally, the challenges of Ru-based electrocatalysts are proposed for the future development of Li-O₂ batteries.