本文系统地总结了近年来钠离子电池中硬碳负极材料的研究进展以及相应储钠机理的发展历程，并从结构设计和电解液调控两方面综述了硬碳材料性能的提升策略。简述了前驱体的选择、碳化温度、预处理、造孔剂、杂原子掺杂、材料复合、电解液调控以及预钠化等策略对硬碳负极材料储钠性能的影响。本文为高性能低成本硬碳材料的设计合成和电解液匹配提供了新的见解，并展望了未来硬碳负极材料进一步研发的方向。

This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of hard carbon anode materials in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and the development of the corresponding sodium storage mechanism in recent years, and reviews the performance improvement strategies of hard carbon materials from the aspects of structural design and electrolyte regulation. The effects of the selection of precursors, carbonization temperature, pretreatment, pore formers, heteroatom doping, material compounding, electrolyte regulation and pre-sodiumization on the sodium storage performance of hard carbon anode materials are briefly described. This paper provides new insights into the design, synthesis and electrolyte matching of high-performance and low-cost hard carbon materials, and looks forward to the direction of further research and development of SIBs hard carbon anode materials in the future.