欢迎访问《电化学(中英文)》期刊官方网站,今天是
论文

GCP载钯颗粒复合材料的制备及其电化学合成氨性能研究

  • 王英超 ,
  • 马自在 ,
  • 吴一凡 ,
  • 王孝广
展开
  • 1.太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,山西 太原 030024
    2.气体能源清洁高效利用山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030024
* Tel: (86-351)3176781,E-mail: wangxiaog1982@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-04-14

  修回日期: 2021-05-18

  网络出版日期: 2021-06-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(21878201);国家自然科学基金项目(22008165)

Preparation and Properties of GCP-Supported Palladium Particles Composite towards Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

  • Wang Ying-Chao ,
  • Ma Zi-Zai ,
  • Wu Yi-Fan ,
  • Wang Xiao-Guang
Expand
  • 1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
    2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan 030024, China

Received date: 2021-04-14

  Revised date: 2021-05-18

  Online published: 2021-06-10

摘要

使用疏水性石墨烯复合粉末(GCP)为碳载体,通过硼氢化钠还原制备GCP载钯颗粒催化剂(PdNPs@GCP)进行氮还原反应(NRR)研究,在-0.2 V vs. RHE电位下,氨气产率为5.2 μg·h-1·mg-1,合成氨法拉第效率在-0.1 V vs. RHE电位下高达9.77%。通过与纯钯相和GCP对比研究发现,催化剂NRR活性主要得益于钯颗粒与GCP的构效关系。GCP二维结构提高了电子传输效率,并提供较大的比表面积,促进NRR动力学,同时GCP的疏水表面可以一定程度地抑制析氢反应(HER)。另外,GCP表面钯颗粒有利于氮气吸附活化,为NRR提供了丰富的活性位点,而且催化剂的金属-载体作用力微调钯颗粒电子结构,优化中间产物的吸脱附,加速NRR。

本文引用格式

王英超 , 马自在 , 吴一凡 , 王孝广 . GCP载钯颗粒复合材料的制备及其电化学合成氨性能研究[J]. 电化学, 2022 , 28(5) : 2104091 . DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.210409

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) plays an essential role in agriculture and modern industries. Electrochemical fixation of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NRR) under ambient conditions with renewable electricity is a promising strategy to replace the industrial Haber-Bosch method. However, it usually suffers from extremely poor ammonia yield and low Faraday efficiency due to the poor electrocatalysts. Therefore, intensive studies have been devoted to developing efficient NRR catalysts till now. Among them, palladium (Pd) can capture protons in the aqueous phase to form stable α-PdH, which balances the competitive adsorption between nitrogen and protons as well as reduces the NRR reaction energy barrier. In addition, carbon-based materials have the characteristics of weak hydrogen adsorption capacity, wide potential window and abundant valence electrons. In this work, graphene composite powder supported palladium particles (PdNPs@GCP) were prepared by chemical reduction under ambient condition via adopting commercial hy-drophobic GCP as carbon carrier for nitrogen reduction reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations results showed that the well-crystallized palladium particles were successfully loaded on the GCP surface, and GCP was conducive to exposure of more active sites. Raman and XPS spectra confirmed the existence of metal-carrier interaction. Benefitting from the specific structure-activity relationship of the PdNPs@GCP, the ammonia yield was 5.2 μg·h-1·mg-1 at -0.2 V vs. RHE and Faraday efficiency of 9.77% was achieved at -0.1 V vs. RHE in 0.1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 under natural conditions. Compared with pure palladium phase and GCP, the NRR activity of PdNPs@GCP was enhanced remarkably. The two-dimensional structure of GCP improved the mass transport efficiency and the hydrophobic surface could inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction through weakening the proton aggregation near the catalyst. Meanwhile, Pd particles on GCP would be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and activation, and the metal-carrier interaction of the catalyst could fine-tune the electronic structure of Pd, optimizing the adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates to accelerate NRR. Strictly controlled experiments were carried out to eliminate any possible existing internal and external contaminations to confirm the source of the product NH3. The morphology and component of the catalyst were almost unchanged after suffering a long-term (10 hours) electrochemical test, indicating good stability of PdNPs@GCP. In addition, no byproduct hydrazine (N2H4) was detected, proving the excellent NRR selectivity of the catalyst. This work provides a facile strategy for the fabrication of carbon-based composite catalysts, which has a promising prospect in electrochemical ammonia synthesis and other energy transformation field.

参考文献

[1] Fryzuk M D. Inorganic chemistry-ammonia transformed[J]. Nature, 2004, 427(6974): 498-499.
[2] Kyriakou V, Garagounis I, Vourros A, Vasileiou E, Stou-kides M. An electrochemical Haber-Bosch process[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(1): 142-158.
[3] Singh A R, Rohr B A, Schwalbe J A, Cargnello M, Chan K, Jaramillo T F, Chorkendorff I, Nørskov J K. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis-the selectivity challenge[J]. ACS Catal., 2017, 7(1): 706-709.
[4] Li W X, Fang W, Chen W, Dinh K N, Ren H, Zhao L, Liu C T, Yan Q Y. Bimetal-MOF nanosheets as efficient bifun-ctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and nitrogen reduction reaction[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8(7): 3658-3666.
[5] Wu D S, Kusada K, Kitagawa H. Recent progress in the structure control of Pd-Ru bimetallic nanomaterials[J]. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2016, 17(1): 583-596.
[6] Wang R F, Wang H, Luo F, Liao S J. Core-shell-structured low-platinum electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications[J]. Electrochem. Energy Rev., 2018, 1(3): 324-387.
[7] Deng G R, Wang T, Alshehri A A, Alzahrani K A, Wang Y, Ye H J, Luo Y L, Sun X P. Improving the electrocatalytic N2 reduction activity of Pd nanoparticles through surface modification[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(38): 21674-21677.
[8] Wang J, Yu L, Hu L, Chen G, Xin H L, Feng X F. Ambient ammonia synthesis via palladium-catalyzed electrohydrogenation of dinitrogen at low overpotential[J]. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9(1): 1795.
[9] Chen K J, Liu K, An P D, Li H J W, Lin Y Y, Hu J H, Jia C K, Fu J W, Li H M, Liu H, Lin Z, Li W Z, Li J H, Lu Y R, Chan T S, Zhang N, Liu M. Iron phthalocyanine with coordination induced electronic localization to boost oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1): 4173.
[10] Zhu D, Zhang L H, Ruther R E, Hamers R J. Photo-illuminated diamond as a solid-state source of solvated electrons in water for nitrogen reduction[J]. Nat. Mater., 2013, 12(9): 836-841.
[11] Li J(李佳), Yang C Z(杨传铮), Zhang X G(张熙贵), Zhang J(张建), Xia B J(夏保佳). XRD studies on the electrode materials in the charge-discharge process of a graphite/Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 battery[J]. Acta Phys. Sin.(物理学报), 2009, 58(9): 6573-6581.
[12] Moussa S, Siamaki A R, Gupton B F, El-Shall M S. Pd-partially reduced graphene oxide catalysts: laser synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on PRGO nanosheets for carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions[J]. ACS Catal., 2012, 2(1): 145-154.
[13] Liu Y, Sun G Z, Jiang C B, Zheng X T, Zheng L X, Li C M. Highly sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide at a carbon nanotube fiber microelectrode coated with palladium nanoparticles[J]. Microchim. Acta, 2014, 181(1-2): 63-70.
[14] Jeong G H, Choi D, Kang M, Shin J, Kang J G, Kim S W. One-pot synthesis of Au@Pd/graphene nanostructures: electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation for direct alcohol fuel cells[J]. RSC Adv., 2013, 3(23): 8864-8870.
[15] Lin J(林健), Cui Y F(崔永福), Cui J L(崔金龙), Wen Z S(文钟晟), Sun J C(孙俊才). Electrochemical performance of SnS2/GCP microcomposite as anode material for lithium-ion battery[J]. Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. (无机化学学报), 2018, 34(1): 33-42.
[16] Luo B, Fang Y, Wang B, Zhou J S, Song H H, Zhi L J. Two dimensional graphene-SnS2 hybrids with superior rate capability for lithium ion storage[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5(1): 5226-5230.
[17] Zhang H(张欢), Ni Z H(倪振华), Fan H M(樊海明). Study on charge transfer between Palladium nanosheets and graphene by Raman spectroscopy[C]. Chinese Physical Society, The 17th Chinese National Conference on Light Scattering, Xi’an, 2013.
[18] Liao W R, Qi L, Wang Y L, Qin J Y, Liu G Y, Liang S J, He H Y, Jiang L L. Interfacial engineering promoting electrosynthesis of ammonia over Mo/phosphotungstic acid with high performance[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31(22): 2009151.
[19] Shi W, Zhang B S, Lin Y M, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Su D S. Enhanced chemoselective hydrogenation through tuning the interaction between Pt nanoparticles and carbon supports: insights from identical location transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. ACS Catal., 2016, 6(11): 7844-7854.
[20] Lee H K, Koh C S L, Lee Y H, Liu C, Phang I Y, Han X M, Tsung C K, Ling X Y. Favoring the unfavored: selective electrochemical nitrogen fixation using a reticular chemistry approach[J]. Sci. Adv., 2018, 4(3): eaar3208.
[21] Yang Y J, Wang S Q, Wen H M, Ye T, Chen J, Li C P, Du M. Nanoporous gold embedded ZIF composite for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen fixation[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58(43): 15362-15366.
[22] Zhang J C, Zhao B, Liang W K, Zhou G S, Liang Z Q, Wang Y W, Qu J Y, Sun Y H, Jiang L. Three-phase electrolysis by gold nanoparticle on hydrophobic interface for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction[J]. Adv. Sci., 2020, 7(22): 2002630.
[23] Yuan S T, Huang X H, Wang H, Xie L J, Cheng J Y, Kong Q Q, Sun G H, Chen C M. Structure evolution of oxygen removal from porous carbon for optimizing super-capacitor performance[J]. J. Energ. Chem., 2020, 51: 396-404.
[24] Lv J L, Wu S L, Tian Z F, Ye Y X, Liu J, Liang C H. Construction of PdO-Pd interfaces assisted by laser irradiation for enhanced electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(20): 12627-12634.
[25] Li L(李琳), Ren H M(任慧敏), Wei B H(卫博慧), Li J(李军), Wang J(王杰), Li H(李晖), Yao C Z(姚陈忠). V-N Co-doped mesoporous carbon nanomaterials as catalysts for artificial N2 reduction[J]. Chin. J. Appl. Chem.(应用化学), 2020, 37(8): 930-938.
[26] Wu T X, Han M M, Zhu X G, Wang G Z, Zhang Y X, Zhang H M, Zhao H J. Experimental and theoretical understanding on electrochemical activation and inactivation processes of Nb3O7(OH) for ambient electrosynthesis of NH3[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(28): 16969-16978.
[27] Li Y Z, Yu Y, Wang J G, Song J, Li Q, Dong M D, Liu C J. CO oxidation over graphene supported palladium catalyst[J]. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2012, 125: 189-196.
[28] Liu K, Fu J W, Zhu L, Zhang X D, Li H M, Liu H, Hu J H, Liu M. Single-atom transition metals supported on black phosphorene for electrochemical nitrogen reduction[J]. Nanoscale, 2020, 12(8): 4903-4908.
[29] Luo S J, Li X M, Gao W G, Zhang H Q, Luo M. An MOF-derived C@NiO@Ni electrocatalyst for N2 conversion to NH3 in alkaline electrolytes[J]. Sustain. Energy Fuels, 2020, 4(1): 164-170.
[30] Yu H J, Wang Z Q, Yin S L, Li C J, Xu Y, Li X N, Wang L, Wang H J. Mesoporous Au3Pd film on Ni foam: A self-supported electrocatalyst for efficient synthesis of ammonia[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 2020, 12(1): 436-442.
[31] Rahaman M, Dutta A, Broekmann P. Size-Dependent activity of palladium nanoparticles: Efficient conversion of CO2 into formate at low overpotentials[J]. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10(8): 1733-1741.
[32] Wang X G, Wang W M, Qi Z, Zhao C C, Ji H, Zhang Z H. Novel raney-like nanoporous Pd catalyst with superior electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol electro-oxidation[J]. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2012, 37(3): 2579-2587.
[33] Smolenkov A D, Rodin I A, Shpigun O A. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods for the determination of hydrazine and its methylated analogues[J]. J. Anal. Chem., 2012, 67(2): 98-113.
[34] Cao N, Zheng G F. Aqueous electrocatalytic N2 reduction under ambient conditions[J]. Nano Res., 2018, 11(6): 2992-3008.
文章导航

/