纳米材料由于独特的物理化学性质，在生物医学领域显示出许多潜在的应用前景，诸如医学成像、药物输运和生物传感等. 这篇综述总结了对过氧化氢和氧还原表现出好的电催化活性的一些纳米材料显示了辐射防护性能. 作者讨论了这些纳米材料的辐射防护性能来源于它们的类酶活性，因为它们的催化性质表现为和活性氧的快速反应，为清除体内的自由基提供了一条有效通道. 作者也提出了纳米材料的电催化活性和作为临床转化关键的辐射防护性能之间关系的见解. 最后，作者指出了这些纳米材料作为新的辐射防护剂用于辐射防护治疗辅助成份所面临的挑战和将来的研究方向.

Nanomaterials have shown many potential application prospects in the biomedical field, such as medical imaging, drug delivery and biosensing due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this review we focus on nanomaterials that have shown not only abilities of radiation protection, but also good electrocatalytic activities toward reduction reactions of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. We discuss the abilities of radiation protection of these nanomaterials that are ascribed to their enzyme-like activities because their catalytic properties provide an effective pathway for scavenging free radicals in vivo via rapid reactions with reactive oxygen species. We also provide insights into electrocatalytic nanomaterials for the relationships between electrocatalytic activities and abilities of radiation protection that are critical for clinical translatability. Finally, we indicate current challenges and future directions in the possible use of these nanomaterials as novel radioprotectors for clinical translation as an adjuvant in radiotherapies.