通过分析电化学阻抗（EIS）在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）动态应用，本文指出制约EIS 工具发展的瓶颈问题. EIS 高频电阻确定电池内阻已成普遍方法，但仅在小电流电池可以应用；低频分析因涉及物质传输仍是难点和重点；EIS 改进型Randles 等效电路分析已初步建立，并深入至物质传输-反应、电池操作/衰减、高温电池研究；EIS 正发展为电堆分析工具、电动汽车控制核心. 然而多学科交叉的暂态EIS 发展，仍是前沿突破难点.

By analyzing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in applications of dynamic proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), bottlenecks which restrict EIS tool development have been pointed out in this paper. Though the high-frequency resistance in EIS is largely accepted as cell inner-resistance, this can only be applied for cell with low current. The low-frequency resistance is difficult to be realized due to its relation with mass transfer. Furthermore, the improved Randles equivalent circuits are built up preliminarily, thus, penetrating into studies for mass transfer reaction, cell operation/degeneration, and high temperature fuel cell. Inspiringly, EIS is becoming an analyzing tool for stack and control core for electric-vehicle. Nevertheless, it is still pioneer challenge to make breakthrough towards transient EIS method based on multi-discipline convergence