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锂离子电池低温性能改善研究进展

  • 顾月茹 ,
  • 赵卫民 ,
  • 苏长虎 ,
  • 罗传军 ,
  • 张忠如 ,
  • 薛旭金 ,
  • 杨勇
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  • 1.多氟多化工股份有限公司,河南 焦作 454150; 2. 厦门大学化学化工学院/能源学院,福建 厦门 361005; 3. 多氟多(焦作)新能源科技有限公司,河南 焦作454150

收稿日期: 2018-05-16

  修回日期: 2018-05-29

  网络出版日期: 2018-06-13

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(No. 2018YFB010400)和福建省高校产学合作项目(No. 2018H6020)资助

Research Progresses in Improvement for Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

  • GU Yue-ru ,
  • ZHAO Wei-min ,
  • SU Chang-hu ,
  • LUO Chuan-jun ,
  • ZHANG Zhong-ru ,
  • XUE Xu-jin ,
  • YANG Yong
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  • 1. Do-fluoride Chemicals Co., Ltd, Jiaozuo 454150, Henan, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/College of energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian China 3. Do-Fluoride (Jiaozuo) New Energy Technology CO., Ltd, Jiaozuo 454150, Henan, China)

Received date: 2018-05-16

  Revised date: 2018-05-29

  Online published: 2018-06-13

摘要

锂离子电池因其能量密度高,循环寿命长等优点已成为新型动力电池领域的研究热点,但其温度特性尤其是低温性能较差制约着锂离子电池的进一步使用. 本文综述了锂离子电池低温性能的研究进展,系统地分析了锂离子电池低温性能的主要限制因素. 从正极、电解液、负极三个方面讨论了近年来研究者们提高电池低温性能的改性方法. 并对提高锂离子电池低温性能的发展方向进行了展望.

本文引用格式

顾月茹 , 赵卫民 , 苏长虎 , 罗传军 , 张忠如 , 薛旭金 , 杨勇 . 锂离子电池低温性能改善研究进展[J]. 电化学, 2018 , 24(5) : 488 -496 . DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.180145

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a new research hotspot due to their high energy density and long service life. However, the temperature characteristics, especially the poor performance at low temperatures, have seriously limited their wider applications. In this report, the research progresses in the low temperature performance of LIBs are reviewed. The main existing limitations of LIBs at low temperatures were systematically analyzed, and followed by discussion on the recent improvements in low temperature performances by developing novel cathode, electrolyte, and anode materials. The developments for improving the low temperature performance of LIBs are prospected. The three most important factors that influence the low temperature electrochemical performance of LIBs are as follows: 1) a reduced ion conductivity of the electrolyte and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the electrode/electrolyte interface; 2) increased charge-transfer resistances at both the cathode and anode electrolyte- electrode interfaces; 3) slow lithium diffusion in the electrodes. The above three points lead to high polarization and lithium deposition, which may cause problems in terms of performance, reliability and safety of the cell. The key point is to provide expedite paths for the transport of lithium ions and electrons at low temperatures. All the influential aspects, such as cathode, electrolyte,and anode, should be considered to improve the low temperature performance of LIBs. The low temperature electrolyte can be obtained by adjusting the relative compositions, and species of the solvent, salt, and additive. The conductivity of electrolyte can be improved by adding low melting point cosolvents and salts. In addition, use of electrolyte additives forming low impedance interface film is one of the most economic and effective methods to improve the low temperature performance. And the structure of electrode materials can be optimized by doping, coating and decreasing the particle size, which can ensure sufficient conductivity and shorten diffusion path length for lithium ions and electrons. Managing the electrolyte and developing electrodes are efficient methods to improve the low temperature performance. Future studies should be focused on achieving high performance lithium-ion battery materials.

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