关键词: 场诱导电化学, 电极过程动力学, 电场效应, 磁场效应, 多物理场耦合

Abstract: Field-induced electrochemistry has attracted increasing attention as a complementary strategy for regulating electrode process kinetics beyond conventional composition and structure optimization. Externally applied fields and local fields arising from interfacial polarization, nonuniform charge or spin distribution, defects, heterostructures, spontaneous polarization, and high curvature surface geometries can influence adsorption, interfacial electron transfer, ion and mass transport, and gas–liquid transport. This review summarizes the conceptual development from field-induced chemistry to field-induced electrochemistry and discusses field effects from a multiscale kinetic perspective, including atomic and molecular processes, nanoscale interfacial regulation, and mesoscopic and macroscopic transport. Representative electric, magnetic, flow, strain, thermal, acoustic, and coupled field effects in electrocatalysis and energy storage are discussed with attention to their main kinetic contributions, applicable conditions, representative descriptors, and attribution challenges. Finally, current research needs are outlined, including operando field quantification, mechanism decoupling, standardized kinetic evaluation, field responsive material design, and multiphysics simulation. Microgravity and other extreme environments are also considered as specialized conditions for examining field regulated electrochemical processes.

Key words: Field-induced electrochemistry, Electrode process kinetics, Electric field effect, Magnetic field effect, Multiphysics field coupling