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非酶电化学传感器检测茶碱的最新进展
Gustria Ernis, Yulia M T A Putri, Muhammad Iqbal Syauqi, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Takeshi Kondo, Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi
电化学(中英文)
2025, 31 ( 3):
2411291-.
DOI:10.61558/2993-074X.3527
低浓度目标分析物的检测在制药、医疗保健和环境保护等各个领域具有重要意义。茶碱是一种天然生物碱,作为支气管扩张剂,可用于治疗哮喘、支气管炎和肺气肿等呼吸系统疾病,但治疗窗口较窄,成年人的安全血药浓度范围仅为55.5~111.0 µmol·L-1,太低或太高都会导致严重的副作用。因此,准确监测茶碱水平至关重要。非酶电化学传感器可提供一种快速、便携和高灵敏度的实用解决方案。本文旨在对用于茶碱检测的非酶电化学传感器的最新进展进行全面综述,重点介绍其基本原理、电氧化机制、催化效应以及改性材料对电极性能的作用。本文指出了各种改性材料的重要贡献,包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属氧化物和多元纳米复合材料等纳米材料,深入讨论了茶碱的电氧化机理,强调了羟基和羰基反应途径受pH和电极材料的强烈影响,以及应用于指导针对特定应用选择适当的电极材料,从而提高非酶电化学传感器性能的优质改性材料的策略。结果表明,基于二氧化钛、碳纳米管和金纳米颗粒制备的多元纳米复合材料可得到3 × 10⁻⁵ µmol·L-1的最低检测限,表明在开发高性能电化学传感器方面的巨大潜力。本文的主要结论是电极材料设计中多学科方法对于支持茶碱检测的灵敏度和选择性的重要性。尽管该领域研究已取得显著进展,但在理解茶碱更详细的氧化机制方面仍存在研究空白,特别是在pH变化和复杂环境下的茶碱电氧化机理研究面临挑战。因此,迫切需要进一步研究电极修饰和茶碱氧化机理分析,以提高传感器的准确性和稳定性,同时扩大其在药物监测和医疗诊断中的应用。通过整合各种新材料和技术方法,这篇综述有望为开发高效且经济实用的非酶电化学传感器提供重要参考。
| Electrode Modifier | Method | LOD(µmol·L-1) | Linearity(µmol·L-1) | Medium | pH | Mechanism route | Real sample | Ref. | | Unmodified (GCE bare) | SWV DPV | 0.0130 0.0860 | 0.1-100 0.1-100 | Acetate buffer | 4.5 | Hydroxyl | drug tablet | [74] | | WO3/MWCNT | CV, DPV | 0.0080 | 0.025-2.6 | H2SO4 | 1.3 | Carbonyl | pharmaceutical tablet and urine samples | [49] | | TCPP(Ni)-Co | DPV | 0.0033 | 0.01-0.1 | Na2HPO4-C4H2O7 | 3.5 | Carbonyl | tea drinks | [82] | | GNP-CHIT-IL hybrid/r-GO | CV, DPV | 0.0132 | 0.025-2.1 | PBS | 7.4 | — | tea, energy drink, green tea, human urine and serum | [83] | | PLCY/N-CNT | CV, DPV | 0.0330 | 0.1-70.0 | H2SO4-Na2SO4 | 1.7 | Hydroxyl | green tee, oral TP sustained-release tablets | [79] | | Ca2CuO3 | CV, DPV | 0.1050 | 0.250-2070 | PBS | 7.0 | Hydroxyl, Carbonyl | human urine and serum samples | [76] | | LV@CNF | amperometry(i-t) | 0.0026 | 0.01-1070 | PBS | 7.0 | Hydroxyl | chocolate, coffee, black tea | [84] | | MoS2/PANI@g-C3N4 | DPV | 0.0500 | 6.6-98 | PBS | 7.0 | Hydroxyl | foodstuff, energy drinks, and pharma products. | [80] | | TiO2 NPs | DPV | 0.0230 | 0.023-0.2 | PBS | 6.0 | Hydroxyl | drug tablets, urine | [70] | | TiO2 MPs | Amperometric | 0.0133 | 0.02-209.6 | PBS | 7.0 | Carbonyl | serum, drug tablets | [75] | | ns-ZSO | DPV | 0.0030 | 0.02-0.6 | PBS | 7.0 | Carbonyl | blood serum, oranges, tea, coffee, and chocolate | [85] | | GCO-gCN | CV, DPV | 0.0533 | 0.0001-0.003 | PBS | 7.0 | Carbonyl | tea, oranges, chocolate, coffee, and human blood serum | [65] | | P(L-Asp)/f-MWCNT | SWV | 0.0200 | 0.1-50 | PBS | 6.0 | — | panadol extra pharmaceutical formulation samples, blood serum, and green tea | [86] | | Gd2(MoO4)3 nanosheets | DPV | 0.0119 | 0.03 - 1.5 | PBS | 7.0 | Hydroxyl | green tea drink and the urine samples | [71] | | AFW/Nf | CV, DPV | 2.8000 | 100-160000 | PBS | 7.0 | — | human serum, black tea, and urine samples | [87] | | WS2 nano-flowers/Ag NPs composites | DPV | 0.0030 | 0.05-150 | H2SO4 | 1.0 | — | tea samples and pharmaceutical tablets | [88] | | CdS/PTA/Nafion | DPV | 0.6000 | 1-200 | PBS | 8.0 | — | urine | [59] | | CNOs | DPV | 0.3500 | 8.16-108.25 | PBS | 7.0 | — | human serum | [89] | | AuNP-MWCNT | DPV | 0.0900 | 0.5-20 | Britton-Robison(BR) buffer | 6.0 | Carbonyl | pharmaceutical tablets and tea samples | [90] | | La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite | DPV | 0.0100 | 0.1-400.0 | PBS | 7.0 | — | human blood, serum, and urine samples | [77] | | pPABSA | SWV | 7.0200 | 10-100 | PBS | 7.0 | Carbonyl Hydroxyl | tea and coffee | [91] | | DMN-AuNPs | CV, DPV | 0.0096 | 0.05-2 | H2SO4 | 7.0 | — | tea and biological samples | [92] | RGO- SDS- Nafion composite film | CV, DPV | 0.0050 | 0.01-0.10, 0.1-1.0, and 1.0-40 | H2SO4 | 2-6 | Carbonyl | pharmaceutical samples | [93] | | MWNT|MnO2 | DPV | 0.0100 | 0.1-20 | PBS | 6.0 | Hydroxyl | pharmaceutical sample and green tea | [93] | | PAMT/AuNPs/TiO2@CuO-B/RGO | DPV | 3 × 10-5 | 0.00008-1 | ABS | 4.0 | — | real blood serum | [81] | | (poly(PRO)-MWCNTs | DPV | 0.0400 | 9.66-100.5 | PBS | 3.0 | — | tea, coffee, yerba mate infusion, energy drink | [46] | | NiF/AC | CV | 0.2100 | 0.5-5 | BRS | 3.0 | Hydroxyl | human urine | [94] | | Chit/NH2-IL/MnOx | CV | 0.0500 | 0.2-120 | ABS | 5.0 | Hydroxyl | — | [69] |
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