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非酶电化学传感器检测茶碱的最新进展
Gustria Ernis, Yulia M T A Putri, Muhammad Iqbal Syauqi, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Yeni Wahyuni Hartati, Takeshi Kondo, Qonita Kurnia Anjani, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi
电化学(中英文)    2025, 31 (3): 2411291-.   DOI:10.61558/2993-074X.3527
摘要   (9 HTML28 PDF(pc) (6427KB)(538)  

低浓度目标分析物的检测在制药、医疗保健和环境保护等各个领域具有重要意义。茶碱是一种天然生物碱,作为支气管扩张剂,可用于治疗哮喘、支气管炎和肺气肿等呼吸系统疾病,但治疗窗口较窄,成年人的安全血药浓度范围仅为55.5~111.0 µmol·L-1,太低或太高都会导致严重的副作用。因此,准确监测茶碱水平至关重要。非酶电化学传感器可提供一种快速、便携和高灵敏度的实用解决方案。本文旨在对用于茶碱检测的非酶电化学传感器的最新进展进行全面综述,重点介绍其基本原理、电氧化机制、催化效应以及改性材料对电极性能的作用。本文指出了各种改性材料的重要贡献,包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属氧化物和多元纳米复合材料等纳米材料,深入讨论了茶碱的电氧化机理,强调了羟基和羰基反应途径受pH和电极材料的强烈影响,以及应用于指导针对特定应用选择适当的电极材料,从而提高非酶电化学传感器性能的优质改性材料的策略。结果表明,基于二氧化钛、碳纳米管和金纳米颗粒制备的多元纳米复合材料可得到3 × 10⁻⁵ µmol·L-1的最低检测限,表明在开发高性能电化学传感器方面的巨大潜力。本文的主要结论是电极材料设计中多学科方法对于支持茶碱检测的灵敏度和选择性的重要性。尽管该领域研究已取得显著进展,但在理解茶碱更详细的氧化机制方面仍存在研究空白,特别是在pH变化和复杂环境下的茶碱电氧化机理研究面临挑战。因此,迫切需要进一步研究电极修饰和茶碱氧化机理分析,以提高传感器的准确性和稳定性,同时扩大其在药物监测和医疗诊断中的应用。通过整合各种新材料和技术方法,这篇综述有望为开发高效且经济实用的非酶电化学传感器提供重要参考。

Electrode Modifier Method LOD(µmol·L-1) Linearity(µmol·L-1) Medium pH Mechanism route Real sample Ref.
Unmodified (GCE bare) SWV
DPV
0.0130
0.0860
0.1-100
0.1-100
Acetate buffer 4.5 Hydroxyl drug tablet [74]
WO3/MWCNT CV, DPV 0.0080 0.025-2.6 H2SO4 1.3 Carbonyl pharmaceutical tablet and urine samples [49]
TCPP(Ni)-Co DPV 0.0033 0.01-0.1 Na2HPO4-C4H2O7 3.5 Carbonyl tea drinks [82]
GNP-CHIT-IL hybrid/r-GO CV, DPV 0.0132 0.025-2.1 PBS 7.4 tea, energy drink, green tea, human urine and serum [83]
PLCY/N-CNT CV, DPV 0.0330 0.1-70.0 H2SO4-Na2SO4 1.7 Hydroxyl green tee, oral TP sustained-release tablets [79]
Ca2CuO3 CV, DPV 0.1050 0.250-2070 PBS 7.0 Hydroxyl, Carbonyl human urine and serum samples [76]
LV@CNF amperometry(i-t) 0.0026 0.01-1070 PBS 7.0 Hydroxyl chocolate, coffee, black tea [84]
MoS2/PANI@g-C3N4 DPV 0.0500 6.6-98 PBS 7.0 Hydroxyl foodstuff, energy drinks, and pharma products. [80]
TiO2 NPs DPV 0.0230 0.023-0.2 PBS 6.0 Hydroxyl drug tablets, urine [70]
TiO2 MPs Amperometric 0.0133 0.02-209.6 PBS 7.0 Carbonyl serum, drug tablets [75]
ns-ZSO DPV 0.0030 0.02-0.6 PBS 7.0 Carbonyl blood serum, oranges, tea, coffee, and chocolate [85]
GCO-gCN CV, DPV 0.0533 0.0001-0.003 PBS 7.0 Carbonyl tea, oranges, chocolate, coffee, and human blood serum [65]
P(L-Asp)/f-MWCNT SWV 0.0200 0.1-50 PBS 6.0 panadol extra pharmaceutical formulation samples, blood serum, and green tea [86]
Gd2(MoO4)3 nanosheets DPV 0.0119 0.03 - 1.5 PBS 7.0 Hydroxyl green tea drink and the urine samples [71]
AFW/Nf CV, DPV 2.8000 100-160000 PBS 7.0 human serum, black tea, and urine samples [87]
WS2 nano-flowers/Ag NPs composites DPV 0.0030 0.05-150 H2SO4 1.0 tea samples and pharmaceutical tablets [88]
CdS/PTA/Nafion DPV 0.6000 1-200 PBS 8.0 urine [59]
CNOs DPV 0.3500 8.16-108.25 PBS 7.0 human serum [89]
AuNP-MWCNT DPV 0.0900 0.5-20 Britton-Robison(BR) buffer 6.0 Carbonyl pharmaceutical tablets and tea samples [90]
La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite DPV 0.0100 0.1-400.0 PBS 7.0 human blood, serum, and urine samples [77]
pPABSA SWV 7.0200 10-100 PBS 7.0 Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
tea and coffee [91]
DMN-AuNPs CV, DPV 0.0096 0.05-2 H2SO4 7.0 tea and biological samples [92]
RGO-
SDS-
Nafion composite film
CV, DPV 0.0050 0.01-0.10, 0.1-1.0, and 1.0-40 H2SO4 2-6 Carbonyl pharmaceutical samples [93]
MWNT|MnO2 DPV 0.0100 0.1-20 PBS 6.0 Hydroxyl pharmaceutical sample and green tea [93]
PAMT/AuNPs/TiO2@CuO-B/RGO DPV 3 × 10-5 0.00008-1 ABS 4.0 real blood serum [81]
(poly(PRO)-MWCNTs DPV 0.0400 9.66-100.5 PBS 3.0 tea, coffee, yerba mate infusion, energy drink [46]
NiF/AC CV 0.2100 0.5-5 BRS 3.0 Hydroxyl human urine [94]
Chit/NH2-IL/MnOx CV 0.0500 0.2-120 ABS 5.0 Hydroxyl [69]