通过分析质子交换膜燃料电池电压的影响因素，利用理想气体状态方程的微分形式求得氢气和氧气分压，并且结合热力学电动势及燃料电池的各种损耗，建立PEMFC的动态模型。通过对参数进行合理设定，得到PEMFC的稳态模型，其仿真结果与实验结果有较好的吻合，表明所建立模型的正确性、可操作性和有效性。利用建立的动态模型分析在载荷突变的情况下，输出电压和氢气分压的动态响应特性，从而达到准确模拟实际燃料电池系统的工作性能，评价预测燃料电池的承载能力和指导燃料电池堆操作的目的。

In this paper, a dynamic model of PEMFC is developed to estimate the dynamic performance of PEMFC by analyzing in detail the influence factors of voltage of PEMFC including various losses. The partial pressure of hydrogen and oxygen is obtained using the differential form of the ideal-gas equation in this model. The steady-state model is obtained by setting reasonable parameter values. The simulation results and experimental results have good consistency, which shows that the simulation model is correct, reasonable and effective. It analyzed the dynamic response characteristics of the output voltage and the partial pressure of hydrogen in condition of load mutations using the simulation mode in this paper. The dynamic model of PEMFC proposed in this paper can accurately simulates the performance of practical fuel cell system, evaluate the load capacity of fuel cell and have guiding significance for the fuel cell operation.