生物膜在自然界无处不在,但生物膜造成的腐蚀却基本上被忽视.本文展示了几种化学和微生物学新方法在海水微生物腐蚀研究中的应用.原子力显微镜用来揭示生物最初形成的机理和钢在受污染海水中的腐蚀程度,16SrDNA/RNA技术则用来分析生物膜中的微生物组成.试验结果表明,微生物腐蚀在6d内就已经开始了,腐蚀体积与时间的2.83次方成正比;腐蚀生物膜中的微生物以硫酸还原菌(脱硫弧菌科)为最多,其次是梭状芽孢杆菌.
Biofilm is ubiquitous in nature.However,corrosin caused by biofilm is still by and large overlooked.This presentation is to demonstrate the applications of several newly developed analytical techniques in chemisrty and microbiology for the study of marine biocorrosion on steel.AFM(atomic force microscopy) was applied to investigate the initial formation mechanism of biofilm and the degree of corrosion of steel in polluted seawater.DNA/RNA_related molecular techniques were used to analyze the microbial composition corrosive biofilm. Results showed that microbial corrosion began within six days, and the corroded volume in the increased as a power function of time with an index 2.83. Most of the microbes identified in the corrosive biofilm were sulfate_reducing Desulfovibrionaceae(46.5%),followed by Clostridiaceae(29.4%).
[1] BeerD,StoodleyP,RoeF,etal.Effectsofbiofilmstructuresonoxygendistributionandmasstransport[J].Biotechnol.Bioengr.,1994,43;1131～1138.
[2] LeeW,BeerD.OxygenandpHmicroprofilesabovecorrosionmildsteelcoveredwithabiofilm[J].Biofouling,1995,8:273～280.
[3] LittleB,WagnerP.Indicatorsofsulfate＿reducingbacteriamicrobiologicallyinfluencedcorrosion.In:BiofoulingandBiocorrosioninIndustrialWaterSystems,GG,LewandowskiZ,FlemmingHC(ed.)[M].Florida:dewisPublishers,1994.
[4] GerchakovSM,dittleBJ,WagnerP.Probingmicrobiologicallyinducedcorrosion[J].Corrsion,1986,42:689～692.
[5] DickinsonWH,CaccavoF,OlesenG,etal.Ennoblementofstainlesssteelbythemanganese＿depositingbacteriaLeptothrixdiscophora[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1997,63:2502～2506.
[6] DickinsonWH,DewandowskiZ.Manganesebilfoulingofstainlesssteel:depositiontatesandinfluenceoncorrosionprocesses[R].In:Corrosion,NationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineering,Houston,TX,1996.
[7] IslanderRL,DevinnyJS,MansfeldF,etal.Microbialecologycrowncorrosioninsewers[J].J.Environ.Engr.,1991117,751～770.
[8] LittleB,WagnerP,HartK,etal.Theroleofmetal＿reducingbacteriainmicrobiologicallyinducedcorrosion[R].In:Corrosion,NationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineering,Horston,TX,1997.
[9] BryantRD,JansenW,BoivinJ,etal.Effectofhydrogenateandmixedsulface＿reducingbacterialpopulationonthecorrosionofsteel[J].Appl..Environ.Microbiol.,199157:2804～2809.
[10] FlemmingHC.Economicalandtechnicaloverview.In:MicrobiallyInfluencedCorrosionofMaterials,HeitzE,FlemmingHC,SandW(ed)[M].Berlin:Springer,1996.
[11] VidelaHA.ManualofBiocorrosion[M].Florida:LewisPublishers,BocaRaton,1996.
[12] BinnigG,QuateCF,GerberC.Atomicforcemicroscope[J].Phys.Rev.Lett..,1986,56:930～933.
[13] ASTMStandardG1＿81,Standardpracticeforpreparing,cleaning,andevaluatingcorrosiontestspecimens[S].In:LaboratoryCorrosionTestsandStandards,G.S.HaynesandR.Baboian(ed.),ASTM,Philadelphia,1983,507.
[14] ZhangT,FangHHP.PhylogeneticdiversityofaSRB＿richmarinebiofilm[J].Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2001,57:437～440.
