以不同聚合度的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为金纳米团簇的稳定剂和形状控制剂,应用电化学还原方法制备尺寸可控的金纳米晶体.借助PVP聚合物的动态伸缩和卷曲特性将电化学还原得到的金纳米粒子前驱体组装成线状和环状的纳米粒子聚集体,再由不稳定前驱体粒子的定向聚集制备厚度为几十纳米的金纳米棱柱.并用分步电化学还原法合成核壳结构的金银纳米复合粒子.本文为制备不同形状和结构的贵金属纳米结构材料提供了一种可行的电化学合成新方法.

Gold nanocrystals with controllable size were synthesized through a simple electroreduction method using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) of different polymerization degree as both stabilizer and shape-controller for gold nanoclusters.Individual gold nanoparticles spontaneously assembled into the wire-and ring-shaped nanoparticle aggregates depending on the PVP's dynamic stretching and curling,and precursor nanoparticles grew into flat,single-crystalline nanoprisms with thickness of dozens of nanometers based on the oriented aggregation between particles.Besides,core-shell Au/Ag nanoparticles were conveniently synthesized through two-step electroreduction of noble metal ions in the presence of PVPK30.The electrochemical synthetic method based on PVP provides a new path for preparation of noble metal nanostructured materials with different shape and structure.