电极材料的开发与完善是提高电容器性能的主要途径之一.本文以烟煤为炭质原料、硝酸铜为添加剂催化制备了铜/活性炭复合材料,并对氧化铜电极、活性炭电极和铜/活性炭复合材料电极进行了循环伏安、交流阻抗和电压保持能力等电化学性能测试.结果表明,活性炭中含有适量的铜可与活性炭产生协同效应,铜/炭复合材料的电容量高于纯氧化铜电极和活性炭电极的电容量之和,含铜20%的活性炭比电容量可达67.5 F/g,是同样条件制得的无铜活性炭比电容量的1.72倍;含铜活性炭具有较好的循环性能、容量特性和较小的阻抗;但其开路电压的自保持性能有待进一步改善.

The development and improvement of electrode materials can result in the enhancement of the performances of electrochemical capacitor.In this paper various copper/activated carbon composites were prepared in the presence of different amounts(from 0% to 40%) of copper nitrate from bituminous coal.Then different electrodes were prepared from copper oxide,activated carbon and copper/activated carbon composites,respectively,and were characterized by cyclic voltammetry,alternative current(AC) impedance,charge-discharge at constant current and maintenance of the self-potential.The results showed that the proper amount of copper in copper/activated carbon composites positively influenced the electrochemical performances of electrodes,and the capacitance of copper/activated carbon composites was larger than that of the total of copper oxide and activated carbon.The specific capacitance of composite containing 20% copper reached 67.5 F/g,which is 1.72 times of that of the activated carbon without copper prepared under the same condition.The copper/activated carbons exhibited to better recyclability,higher capacity and lower impedance.However,its maintenance of the self-potential needs to be further investigated and improved.