将氧化亚硅,铝和石墨经过2步球磨盐酸刻蚀处理,再包覆碳,可制得纳米孔-S i/G/C复合材料,其比容量高达600 mAh/g,电化学循环性能稳定,但首次放电效率较低.氧化亚硅和铝球磨后再经高温热处理,可以促使氧化亚硅完全还原.高温下A l2O3产物的晶型结构由γ相转为稳定难溶的α相,硅/A l2O3复合材料难以刻蚀制孔,而硅/A l2O3/G/C复合材料则显示较高的首次放电效率但循环稳定性较差.
The nano-porous Si/G/C composite was obtained by two-step ball milling with SiO,A1 and graphite,along with HCl acid etching followed by carbon incorparation.This composite demonstrated the reversible capacity of 600 mAh/g with excellent cycling stability,but low initial cycle efficiency is low.A high-temperature treatment after ball-milling of SiO and A1 could promote the complete reduction of SiO.However,the crystalline structure of Al2O3 product changed from γ-phase to α-phase,which it can no longer be etched by HCl.The Si/Al2O3/G/C composite exhibited higher efficiency at the first cycle but relatively poorer cyclability.
[1]Netz A,Huggins R A.Amorphous silicon formed in situas negative electrode reactant in lithium cells[J].SolidState Ionics,2004,175(1~4):215-219.
[2]Winter M,Besenhard J O,Spahr ME,et al.Insertionelectrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].Advanced Materials,1998,10(10):725-763.
[3]Yang J,Takeda Y,Imanishi N,et al.Ultrafine Sn andSnSb0.14 powders for lithium storage matrices in lithi-um-ion batteries[J].J Electrochem Soc,1999,146(11):4009-4013.
[4]Kim I S,Blomgren G E,Kumta P N.NanostructuredSi/TiB2composite anodes for Li-ion batteries[J].Elec-trochem Solid-State Lett,2003,6(8):A157-A161.
[5]Niu J J,Lee J Y.Improvement of usable capacity andcyclability of silicon-based anode materials for lithiumbatteries by sol-gel graphite matrix[J].ElectrochemSolid-State Lett,2002,5(6):A107-A110.
[6]Boukamp B A,Lesh G C,Huggins R A.All-sold lithi-um electrodes with mixed-conductor matrix[J].J Elec-trochem Soc,1981,128(4):725-729.
[7]Lee H Y,Lee S M.Graphite-FeSi alloy composites asanode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].JPower Sources,2002,112(2):649-654.
[8]Miyachi M,Yamamoto H,Kawai H,et al.Analysis ofSiO anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J].J ElectrochemSoc,2005,152(10):A2089-A2091.
[9]Lee H Y,Lee S M.Carbon-coated nano-Si dispersedoxides/graphite composites as anode material for lithiumion batteries[J].Electrochem Commun,2004,6(5):465-469.
[10]Wen Z S,Yang J,Wang B F,et al.High capacitysilicon/carbon composite anode materials for lithiumion batteries[J].Electrochem Commun,2003,5(2):165-168.
[11]Dimov N,Kugino S,Yoshio M.Carbon-coated siliconas anode material for lithium ion batteries:Advantagesand limitations[J].Electrochem Acta,2003,48(11):1579-1587.
[12]Wilson A M,Dahn J R.Lithium insertion in carbonscontaining nanodispersed silicon[J].J ElectrochemSoc,1995,142(2):326-332.
[13]Wang G X,Ahn J H,J Yao,et al.Nanostructured Si-C composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J].Elec-trochem Commun,2004,6(7):689-692.
[14]Liu W R,Wu N L,Shieh D T,et al.Synthesis andcharacterization of nanoporous NiSi-Si composite anodefor lithium-ion batteries[J].J Electrochem Soc,2007,154(2):A97-A102.
[15]Morita T,Takami N.Nano Si cluster-SiOx-C compos-ite material as high-capacity anode material for re-chargeable lithium batteries[J].J Electrochem Soc,2006,153(2):A425-A430.
