系统介绍了重庆大学在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电化学催化方面的研究工作.指出PEMFC成流过程中造成电池性能衰减及寿命短与催化剂和膜电极(MEA)相关的主要因素有:催化剂在载体表面迁移、聚结、溶解,随同载体腐蚀一并流失,催化剂中毒,MEA催化层水淹导致反应气体短缺而引起的"负差效应"以及小分子有机物缓慢的氧化动力学.重庆大学燃料电池研究小组近年来从分子模拟机理出发,结合实验求证,探索制备高活性、高稳定性、高催化剂利用率、抗溺水性电极的方法、技术和手段,为提高催化剂的寿命和利用率,降低催化剂成本,寻求可行的解决办法.

This review presents the study of Chongqing University in electrocatalysis for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Based on the understanding to the performance degradation of PEMFCs' catalysts,the university has being concentrated on how to increase the activity,stability and utility of noble metal catalysts.It covers the molecular design of near-surface alloy catalysts for improvement of activity to oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and resistance to foreign poison species,selective deposition of Pt on the so-called "three-phase interface" for a high Pt utility,and invention of anti-flooding electrode against water flooding in the catalyst layer of the membrane assemble electrode(MEA),and so on.The catalytic mechanism of electrode reactions involved in the PEMFCs,such as ORR,oxidation of methanol and formic acid,has been also studied and reviewed in this paper.