应用电池挤压试验机研究了锂离子电池内部短路失效过程,并由DSC、GC/MS和XRD分析了电池内部的正极、负极和电解液之间在不同温度下的反应机理.实验表明,正极Li0.5CoO2与电解液的反应是导致电池内部短路失效的根本原因.电池因内部短路发热,一旦温度达到正极Li0.5CoO2的分解温度时,正极瞬时分解,并释放出O2.后者与电解液瞬间发生剧烈反应,同时放出大量CO2气体,冲破电池壳体,造成电池发生爆炸.其中SEI膜自身的分解反应以及负极与电解液在初期的反应都为正极与电解液反应起了积累热量的作用.

In this work,the battery impact testing machine has been used to study the failure progress of internal short-circuit ( ISC) for lithium ion batteries. The reaction mechanisms between cathode/anode and electrolyte in the battery at different temperatures were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) ,gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC/MS) and X-ray diffraction ( XRD) . The experimental results show that the ISC failure of the battery was mainly due to the reaction between cathode Li0.5CoO2 and electrolyte. The decomposition and oxygen evolution reactions of cathode occurred when the temperature reached a certain value. At the same time a fierce oxidation reaction occurred between oxygen and electrolyte,giving out a large quantity of CO2 gas,and breaking aluminum can,thus causing the battery exploded. And the decomposition of SEI film and the initial reaction between anode and electrolyte were mainly to accumulating heat for the reaction between cathode and electrolyte.