在先进工业化与城市化的加速发展的背景下，环境恶化的速度不断加快，不可再生能源资源也日益枯竭。因此，开发潜在的清洁能源存储技术显得尤为迫切。电化学储能技术目前已广泛应用于多个领域，其中超级电容器和可充电电池作为关键组成部分，发挥着重要作用。这些技术不仅是存储可再生能源的核心要素，还对推动可持续发展具有重要意义。近年来，二维材料MXene凭借其卓越的电学性能、较大的比表面积以及可调控特性，在能源领域及其他多个应用场景中展现出巨大的发展潜力。基于MXene的层状结构，研究人员通过对费米能级处的表面终端进行调整，成功实现了储能与能量转换的双重功能。值得关注的是，与其他二维材料相比，MXene在表面拥有更多的活性位点，这使其表现出优异的催化性能。反观其他二维材料，其催化活性仅体现在边缘位点。本文全面且系统地概述了基于MXene的聚合物材料的合成工艺、结构特征、改性手段，以及它们在电化学储能领域的具体应用。此外，文章还简要探讨了MXene聚合物材料在电磁屏蔽技术和传感器领域的潜在应用价值，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，以期为相关领域的进一步发展提供参考。

With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization, the environment is deteriorating rapidly, and non-renewable energy resources are depleted. The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent. Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields, especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, as vital elements of storing renewable energy. In recent years, two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties, large specific surface area, and tunability. Based on the layered materials of MXene, researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level. It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials, MXene has more active sites on the basal plane, showing excellent catalytic performance. In contrast, other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites. This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process, structural characteristics, modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials, and their applications in electrochemical energy storage. It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.