与锂离子电池硅负极材料相比，氧化亚硅（SiO_x）因其高比容量(1965 mAh·g⁻¹)和适中的体积膨胀（160%）等优点而受到广泛关注。将二氧化硅（SiO₂）还原制备成SiO_x，并同时保持SiO₂原有的纳米形貌，可以减弱硅负极材料的体积膨胀，是发展高性能负极材料的有效策略。本文选择以介孔SiO₂棒为原料，通过一步高温退火法，将二氧化锡（SnO₂）颗粒嵌入碳涂层，制备了介孔SiO_x-SnO₂@C棒复合材料。将其作为锂离子电池负极材料，具有以下结构优点：SnO₂颗粒弥散分布于棒的体相中，增加了体积能量密度；包覆的碳层能有限维持SiO_x在嵌脱锂过程中的结构稳定性；介孔通道有利于提高锂离子扩散速率并缓冲体积膨胀。利用这些结构特性，在0.1 A·g⁻¹电流密度下，其重量和体积比容量分别高达1271 mAh·g^-1和1573 mAh·cm^-3，且历经200个循环后，容量保持率为95%。

Due to the high capacity and moderate volume expansion of silicon protoxide SiO_x (160%) compared with that of Si (300%), reducing silicon dioxide SiO₂ into SiO_x while maintaining its special nano-morphology makes it attractive as an anode of Li-ion batteries. Herein, through a one-pot facile high-temperature annealing route, using SBA15 as the silicon source, and embedding tin dioxide SnO₂ particles into carbon coated SiO_x, the mesoporous SiO_x-SnO₂@C rod composite was prepared and tested as the anode material. The results revealed that the SnO₂ particles were distributed uniformly in the wall, which could further improve their volume energy densities. The coated carbon plays a role in maintaining structural integrality during lithiation, and the rich mesopores structure can release the expanded volume and enhance Li-ion transfer. At 0.1 A·g^-1, the gravimetric and volumetric capacities of the composite were as high as 1271 mAh·g^-1and 1573 mAh·cm^-3, respectively. After 200 cycles, the 95% capacity could be retained compared with that upon the 2nd cycle at 0.5 A·g^-1. And the rod morphology was well kept, except that the diameter of the rod was 3 times larger than its original size after the cell was discharged into 0.01 V.