开发可控制纳米结构材料微观结构特征和组成的制造方法,是生产具有明确功能特性的材料的技术进步的一个基本步骤。脉冲电解这种自上而下的电化学方法已被证明是生产纳米结构材料的可行方法,在合成锡氧化物方面尤其有效。这种方法通过改变水性电解质的阴离子成分,可以极大地控制生成的锡氧化物颗粒的成分和形状,从而避免了在合成过程中使用额外的封端剂,并省去了高温后处理的要求。这些氧化物的组成和微观结构特征取决于氟化锡和氯化锡络合物不同的稳定性,以及氯化阴离子和氟化阴离子与氧化锡表面不同的相互作用机制,这受到这些阴离子不同的各向同性/各向混杂性的影响。因此,所获得的分散锡氧化物的组成和微观结构特征决定了它们作为锂离子电池阳极材料、光催化剂或含铂电催化剂混合载体亲氧组分的潜在应用。
The development of methodologies for the fabrication of nanostructured materials that provide control over their microstructural features and composition represents a fundamental step in the advancement of technologies for the production of materials with well-defined functional properties. The top-down electrochemical approach of pulse electrolysis has been demonstrated as a viable method for producing nanostructured materials, with particular efficacy observed in the synthesis of tin oxides. This method allows for significant control over the composition and shape of the resulting SnOx particles by modifying the anionic composition of the aqueous electrolyte, obviating the need for additional capping agents in the synthesis process and eliminating the requirement for high-temperature post-treatment. The composition and microstructural characteristics of these oxides are contingent upon the differing stability of tin fluoride and chloride complexes, as well as the distinct mechanisms of interaction between chloride and fluoride anions with an oxidized tin surface, which is influenced by the varying kosmotropic/chaotropic nature of these anions. The composition and microstructural characteristics of the obtained dispersed tin oxides thus determined their potential applications as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, as a photocatalyst, or as an oxyphilic component of a hybrid support for a Pt-containing electrocatalyst.