系列综述（1/4）:重庆大学魏子栋教授课题组在电化学能源转换方面的研究进展：燃料电池高性能氧还原催化剂
收稿日期: 2024-02-20
修回日期: 2024-03-23
录用日期: 2024-04-06
网络出版日期: 2024-04-23
Series Reports from Professor Wei’s Group of Chongqing University: Advancements in Electrochemical Energy Conversions (1/4): Report 1: High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Fuel Cells
Received date: 2024-02-20
Revised date: 2024-03-23
Accepted date: 2024-04-06
Online published: 2024-04-23
燃料电池的规模化应用，尚需解决燃料电池成本高、工况下寿命短，以及核心材料电催化剂依赖进口等瓶颈和卡脖子问题。重庆大学魏子栋研究团队针对燃料电池面临的关键科学与技术问题，致力于开展提升燃料电池空气电极性能及低成本化的基础科学问题研究。本综述总结了该课题组过去三十年来围绕低铂和非贵碳基材料，提升空气电极活性与耐久性的研究进展。在铂基催化剂方面，首先阐述了Pt/C阴极催化剂的失活机制；总结了通过调节铂颗粒的纳米结构、修饰催化助剂、开发新型载体材料和精确调控三相界面微环境等，降低铂用量、提升电极性能和利用率的调控机制和制备策略。在非贵碳基催化剂方面，阐述了掺杂碳基催化剂氧还原活性的调节机制和失活机理；总结了致密活性位碳基催化剂结构调控、稳定性增强策略与绿色宏量可控制备策略。综述最后对低成本、长寿命燃料电池催化层结构优化与设计原则，以及面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。
陈发东 , 谢卓洋 , 李孟婷 , 陈四国 , 丁炜 , 李莉 , 李静 , 魏子栋 . 系列综述（1/4）:重庆大学魏子栋教授课题组在电化学能源转换方面的研究进展：燃料电池高性能氧还原催化剂[J]. 电化学, 2024 , 30(7) : 2314007 . DOI: 10.61558/2993-074X.3459
Two major challenges, high cost and short lifespan, have been hindering the commercialization process of low-temperature fuel cells. Professor Wei’s group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability, and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed herein. Regarding the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage, they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts, and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies: regulating the nanostructures of the active sites, enhancing the effects of support materials, and optimizing structures of the three-phase boundary. For Pt-free catalysts, especially carbon-based ones, several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly presented. Then, an in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed, and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement strategies. Also, the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale, faces the challenges such as low active-site density, thick catalytic layer, and the effect of hydrogen peroxide, which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic electrode. This review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.
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