在全球能源结构“清洁化”转型的背景下,可再生能源的开发与利用能够有效解决能源危机与环境问题,符合我国的可持续发展路线。能源转换与储存技术贯穿着循环能源技术的各个环节,是新型能源框架的核心支撑。 水氧化反应是众多能源体系（例如, 水裂解反应、 二氧化碳还原反应、 氮还原反应和金属-空气电池）的重要半反应, 但其动力学缓慢, 严重限制了设备的能源效率, 阻碍了相应技术的广泛应用。因此, 亟需开发具有低成本、 高活性、 强稳定性的水氧化电催化剂以降低反应能垒,进而推动能源转换与存储设备的工业化发展。钙钛矿型材料的晶体结构包容性强, 元素组成涵盖广泛, 具有丰富而独特的电子特性, 易于实现表面化学与电子结构的精准调控, 因此被公认为理想的催化材料设计平台。本文综述了钙钛矿型水氧化电催化剂的最新研究进展。首先介绍了钙钛矿型材料的晶体结构和电子特性,归纳了制备钙钛矿型氧化物的代表性的合成策略。通过讨论近期钙钛矿型水氧化电催化剂在酸性和碱性介质中的研究进展, 强调了钙钛矿型电催化剂结构与催化性能间的构效关系。 最后, 我们总结了钙钛矿型水氧化电催化剂在实际应用中面临的挑战与机遇, 提出了相应的建议与解决方案, 期望能使读者更清晰地认识到该领域的未来发展方向。

The development of energy conversion/storage technologies can achieve the reliable and stable renewable energy supply, and bring us a sustainable future. As the core half-reaction of many energy-related systems, water oxidation is the bottleneck due to its sluggish kinetics of the four-concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) process. This necessitates the exploitation of low cost, highly active and stable water oxidation electrocatalysts. Perovskite-type oxides possess diverse crystal structures, flexible compositions and unique electronic properties, enabling them ideal material platform for the optimization of catalytic performance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary for the crystal structures, electronic structures and synthetic methods of perovskite-type oxides in their application background of water oxidation electrocatalysis. Then, we summarize the recent research advances of perovskite-type water oxidation electrocatalysts in alkaline and acidic media, and highlight the significance of their structure-activity relationship and activation/deactivation mechanism. Finally, challenges and the corresponding solutions for the perovskite-type electrocatalysts are highlighted, which is expected to open the opportunities to their practical applications.