采用水热-固相两步合成法合成了碳限域Li₃VO₄纳米材料 (Li₃VO₄/C)，并与相同的方法合成的非限域Li₃VO₄(N)纳米材料和固相法合成的Li₃VO₄(B)材料进行了对比。通过XRD，Raman，TEM，BET等表征方法，研究了所合成材料的组成、结构、形貌及比表面积，发现碳限域Li₃VO₄具有更小的晶粒大小，限域层的厚度为2-4 nm，且限域后提高了Li₃VO₄的比表面积和孔体积。用作锂离子电池负极材料时Li₃VO₄/C具有比Li₃VO₄(N)和Li₃VO₄(B)更高的储锂容量，更好的倍率性能和更稳定的循环性能。经分析认为，在Li₃VO₄/C材料中碳限域层减小了其在充放电过程中的欧姆极化，增大了材料的比表面积，因而提高了电解液的渗透效率和与活性材料的接触面积，缩短了锂离子的扩散路径，故提高了电化学性能。

Li₃VO₄, as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries, has been widely studied because of its low and safe voltage, and large capacity. However, its poor electronic conductivity impedes the practical application of Li₃VO₄ particularly at high rates. In this paper, carbon confined Li₃VO₄ nano materials (Li₃VO₄/C) were synthesized by hydrothermal and solid-phase method, and for comparison, the Li₃VO₄ (N) nano materials without carbon confinement and Li₃VO₄ (B) materials were also synthesized by pure solid-phase method. The composition, structure, morphology and specific surface area of the three samples were studied by XRD, Raman, TEM and N₂ adsorption-desorption tests. It was found that the grain size of Li₃VO₄ in Li₃VO₄/C was the smallest, which is 51 nm, the grain size of Li₃VO₄ in Li₃VO₄ (N) was the second (93 nm), and the grain size of Li₃VO₄ prepared by pure solid-phase method was the largest (113 nm). The thickness of carbon confinement layer in Li₃VO₄/C was 2-4 nm, which was uniformly coated on the surface of Li₃VO₄. And the specific surface area and pore size distribution of the three samples were measured by BET and BJH methods. It was found that the samples prepared by hydrothermal and solid-phase method had mesoporous structure, and the Li₃VO₄ prepared by a simple solid-phase method had the least porous structure. The BET specific surface area and the pore volume of the carbon confinement sample were larger than those of the sample without carbon confinement layer (30.49 m²·g^-1 vs. 26.42 m²·g^-1 and 0.12 cm³·g^-1 vs. 0.05 cm³·g^-1), which is in agreement with the smaller grains of Li₃VO₄/C by XRD analysis, indicating that the carbon layer limits the growth of Li₃VO₄ grains, so as to increase the contact area between active material and electrolyte when the sample is used as the anode material of lithium ion battery. The charge-discharge performances of the synthesized samples as anodes of lithium ion battery were studied. It was found that the Li₃VO₄/C electrode displayed faster lithium ion storage performance than Li₃VO₄ (N) and Li₃VO₄ (B) electrodes. At the rates of 0.1 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, 5 C, 10 C and 20 C, the discharge capacities of Li₃VO₄/C were 435, 428, 401, 356, 302 and 280 mAh·g^-1, respectively. In particular, after 50 cycles at 5 C, Li₃VO₄/C still maintained 92.3% of the initial capacity, which fully reflects the characteristics of larger capacity, higher rate capability and better stability of Li₃VO₄/C electrode. By analyzing the relationship between morphology and electrochemical properties, it is considered that the carbon confinement layer reduces the ohmic polarization of Li₃VO₄ in the processes of charge and discharge, the large specific surface area improves the penetration efficiency of electrolyte, and the small particle size shortens the diffusion path of lithium ions. At the same time, the synthesis method in this work presents a universal strategy for the preparation of other transition metal oxide salts with porous structure and small particle.