本文概述了惰性小分子电催化还原反应（如二氧化碳还原反应和氮气还原反应）中电解液的组成和作用机制,介绍了相关电解液研究的最新进展,并讨论了电解液调控在揭示反应机理、改善催化性能中的重要作用.

Reduction of stable molecules such as CO₂ and N₂ is important process in electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies for electrofuels production. However, for the inert nature of CO₂/N₂ molecule and competitive proton reduction in conventional aqueous electrolytes, selective electrochemical carbon/nitrogen fixation suffers from high overpotential, low reaction rate and low selectivity. While addressing these issues has witnessed substantial advances in electrocatalysts, much less attention has been placed on the electrolytes, which play an important role in regulating the local environment and thus the performance of catalysts under operating conditions. Rational design of electrolytes has received increasing interest to boost the activity and selectivity of stable molecule electrocatalysis. In this review, we overview recent progress in mechanistic understanding and strategies development in tailoring electrolytes for electrocatalytic CO₂ and N₂ reduction. We highlight the ion effect, local environment, and interface structure of electrocatalysts and electrolytes based on experimental and computational studies on representative examples. Particular discussion is provided on the effect of local pH modulation, electrolyte concentrating, selective ionic adsorption and nonaqueous electrolyte.