二氧化碳（CO₂）作为一种经济、安全、可再生的碳资源化合物，其高效回收利用一直是全社会关注的焦点. 利用电化学方法，将CO₂还原转化生成一系列高附加值的化学品或燃料，对于缓解能源与环境双重压力具有重要的现实意义. 本论文介绍了电化学CO₂还原反应的基本原理与过程，综述了近年来铋基催化材料的发展现状，重点对这类催化材料的制备合成、结构调控、催化反应机理研究等方面进行了总结，最后对其未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an economical, secure and sustainable carbon resource around us. Its effective capture and recycling have been the focus of our entire society. Using the electrochemical method, CO₂ can be reduced to different value-added chemicals or fuels. This approach not only would mitigate CO₂ accumulation in the atmosphere, but also would help alleviate our dependence on fossil fuel. In this article, the basic principle and process of electrochemical CO₂ reduction are first introduced. The recent development in bismuth-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is reviewed with an emphasis on their preparation, structure characterization, and possible reaction mechanism. Finally, a perspective on future development is briefly discussed.