高指数晶面纳米催化剂的电化学制备及应用
收稿日期: 2019-02-19
修回日期: 2019-04-09
网络出版日期: 2019-04-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(21573183);国家自然科学基金项目(21621091)
Electrochemical Preparations and Applications of Nano-Catalysts with High-Index Facets
Received date: 2019-02-19
Revised date: 2019-04-09
Online published: 2019-04-09
肖翅 , 田娜 , 周志有 , 孙世刚 . 高指数晶面纳米催化剂的电化学制备及应用[J]. 电化学, 2020 , 26(1) : 61 -72 . DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.181244
The performance of catalysts highly depends on their surface structure and composition. Nanocrystals bounded by high-index facets usually exhibit high catalytic activity due to their high-density low-coordinated step atoms with high reactivity. In this paper, we have reviewed the preparations of noble metals (e.g., Pt, Pd and Rh) nanocatalysts with high-index facets by electrochemical square-wave potential method developed in our group. The square-wave potential method includes a nucleation procedure to generate nuclei, followed by a square-wave potential procedure for a certain period of time for the growth of nuclei into nanocrystals. The formation mechanism of high-index facets is also discussed. The surface structure was determined by the combined effect of nanocrystals growing at the lower potential and etching at the higher potential, as well as the rearrangement effect by the repetitive adsorption/desorption of oxygen species induced by the square-wave potential. By tuning the upper or lower square-wave potential, the evolution of Pt nanocrystals can be controlled from tetrahexahedron to hexoctahedron, and then to trapezohedron, or from tetrahexahedron to truncated ditetragonal prism. Considering the importance in utilization of noble metal in practical applications, emphasis is also given to the small-sized Pt tetrahexahedron of high mass-specific activity. By combining seed-mediated method with square-wave potential method, sub-10 nm tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals enclosed with {210} high-index facets were synthesized from 3 nm Pt nanoparticles. We have then described the application of electrochemical square-wave potential method for the synthesis of high-index faceted nanocrystals in deep eutectic solvents. Pt concave nanocubes with {hk0} facets, Pt triambic icosahedra with {hhl} facets, Pd concave-disdyakis triacontahedra with {hkl} facets, and concave Au hexoctahedra with {hkl} facets and trisoctahedra with {hhl} facets were synthesized. To further boost the catalytic activity, surface modification of foreign atoms on high-index faceted metal nanocrystals including the modification of Cu on Pd tetrahexahedra to tune the selectivity of electro-reduction of CO2 is presented. Finally, an outlook of high-index faceted nanocatalysts is given.
| [1] | Zhou Z Y, Tian N, Li J T , et al. Nanomaterials of high surface energy with exceptional properties in catalysis and energy storage[J]. Chemical Society Review, 2011,40(7):4167-4185. |
| [2] | Tian N, Xiao J, Zhou Z Y , et al. Pt-group bimetallic nano-crystals with high-index facets as high performance electrocatalysts[J]. Faraday Discussions, 2013,162:77-89. |
| [3] | Benck J D, Hellstern T R, Kibsgaard J , et al. Catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with molybdenum sulfide nanomaterials[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2014,4(11):3957-3971. |
| [4] | Tian N, Lu B A, Yang X D , et al. Rational design and synjournal of low-temperature fuel cell electrocatalysts[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2018,1(1):54-83. |
| [5] | Tian N, Zhou Z Y, Sun S G , et al. Synjournal of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity[J]. Science, 2007,316(5825):732-735. |
| [6] | Tian N, Zhou Z Y, Sun S G . Platinum metal catalysts of high-index surfaces: from single-crystal planes to electrochemically shape-controlled nanoparticles[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008,112(50):19801-19817. |
| [7] | Wang G W, Huang B, Xiao L , et al. Pt skin on AuCu intermetallic substrate: A strategy to maximize Pt utilization for fuel cells[J]. Journal of the American chemical Society, 2014,136(27):9643-9649. |
| [8] | Green C L, Kucernak A . Determination of the platinum and ruthenium surface areas in platinum-ruthenium alloy electrocatalysts by underpotential deposition of copper. I. Unsupported catalysts[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002,106(5):1036-1047. |
| [9] | Liu P X, Zhao Y, Qin R X , et al. Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts[J]. Science, 2016,352(6287):797-800. |
| [10] | Sun S G, Chen A C . Effects of ethylene glycol (EG) concentration and pH of solutions on electrocatalytic properties of Pt(111) electrode in EG oxidation-a comparison study with adjacent planes of platinum single crystal situated in [110] and [011] crystallographic zones[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1994,39(7):969-973. |
| [11] | Sun S G, Zhou Z Y . Surface processes and kinetics of CO2 reduction on Pt (100) electrodes of different surface structure in sulfuric acid solutions[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2001,3(16):3277-3283. |
| [12] | Ahmadi T S, Wang Z L, Green T C , et al. Shape-controlled synjournal of colloidal platinum nanoparticles[J]. Science, 1996,272(5270):1924-1925. |
| [13] | Buckley H E . Crystal growth[J]. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1951. |
| [14] | Quan Z W, Wang Y X, Fang J Y . High-Index faceted noble metal nanocrystals[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2013,46(2):191-202. |
| [15] | Chen Q L( 陈巧丽), Li H Q( 李慧齐), Jang Y Q( 蒋亚琪 ), et al. Constructions of noble metal nanocrystals with specific crystal facets and high surface area[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry( 电化学), 2018,24(6):602-614. |
| [16] | Niu W X, Duan Y K, Qing Z K , et al. Shaping gold nano-crystals in dimethyl sulfoxide: Toward trapezohedral and bipyramidal nanocrystals enclosed by {311} facets[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017,139(16):5817-5826. |
| [17] | Yang C W, Chanda K, Lin P H , et al. Fabrication of Au-Pd core-shell heterostructures with systematic shape evolution using octahedral nanocrystal cores and their catalytic activity[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011,133(49):19993-20000. |
| [18] | Langille M R, Personick M L, Zhang J , et al. Defining rules for the shape evolution of gold nanoparticles[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012,134(35):14542-14554. |
| [19] | Personick M L, Langille M R, Zhang J , et al. Shape control of gold nanoparticles by silver underpotential deposition[J]. Nano Letters, 2011,11(8):3394-3398. |
| [20] | Niu W X, Zhang L, Xu G B . Seed-mediated growth of noble metal nanocrystals: crystal growth and shape control[J]. Nanoscale, 2013,5(8):3172-3181. |
| [21] | Lin H X, Lei Z C, Jiang Z Y , et al. Supersaturation-dependent surface structure evolution: From ionic, molecular to metallic micro/nanocrystals[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013,135(25):9311-9314. |
| [22] | Zhang J W, Li H Q, Kuang Q , et al. Toward rationally designing surface structures of micro- and nanocrystallites: Role of supersaturation[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2018,51(11):2880-2887 |
| [23] | Zhou Z Y, Huang Z Z, Chen D J , et al. High-index faceted platinum nanocrystals supported on carbon black as highly efficient catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2010,49(2):411-414. |
| [24] | Kimizuka N, Abe T, Itaya K . Slow surface-diffusion of Pt atoms on Pt (III)[J]. Denki Kagaku, 1993,61(7):796-799. |
| [25] | Zei M S, Batina N, Kolb D M . On the stability of recons-tructed Pt(100) in an electrochemical cell: An ex-situ LEED/RHEED and in-situ STM study[J]. Surface Science, 1994,306(1/2):L519-L528. |
| [26] | Furuya N, Ichinose M, Shibata M . Structural changes at the Pt(100) surface with a great number of potential cycles[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1999,460(1/2):251-253. |
| [27] | Furuya N, Shibata M . Structural changes at various Pt single crystal surfaces with potential cycles in acidic and alkaline solutions[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1999,467(1/2):85-91. |
| [28] | Ruge M, Drnec J, Rahn B , et al. Structural reorganization of Pt(111) electrodes by electrochemical oxidation and reduction[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017,139(12):4532-4539. |
| [29] | Zhu T, Hensen E J M, van Santen R A, , et al. Roughening of Pt nanoparticles induced by surface-oxide formation[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013,15(7):2268-2272. |
| [30] | McCrum I T, Hickner M A, Janik M J . First-principles calculation of Pt surface energies in an electrochemical environment: thermodynamic driving forces for surface faceting and nanoparticle reconstruction[J]. Langmuir, 2017,33(28):7043-7052. |
| [31] | Tian N, Zhou Z Y, Yu N F , et al. Direct electrodeposition of tetrahexahedral Pd nanocrystals with high-index facets and high catalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2010,132(22):7580-7581. |
| [32] | Yu N F, Tian N, Zhou Z Y , et al. Electrochemical synjournal of tetrahexahedral rhodium nanocrystals with extraordinarily high surface energy and high electrocatalytic activity[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2014,53(20):5097-5101. |
| [33] | Yu N F, Tian N, Zhou Z Y , et al. Pd nanocrystals with continuously tunable high-index facets as a model nanocatalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2019,9(4):3144-3152. |
| [34] | Sheng T, Tian N, Zhou Z Y , et al. Designing Pt-based electrocatalysts with high surface energy[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2017,2(8):1892-1900. |
| [35] | Sheng T, Xu Y F, Jiang Y X , et al. Structure design and performance tuning of nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2016,49(11):2569-2577. |
| [36] | Deng Y J, Tian N, Zhou Z Y , et al. Alloy tetrahexahedral Pd-Pt catalysts: enhancing significantly the catalytic activity by synergy effect of high-index facets and electronic structure[J]. Chemical Science, 2012,3(4):1157-1161. |
| [37] | Lu B A, Du J H, Sheng T , et al. Hydrogen adsorption-mediated synjournal of concave Pt nanocubes and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity[J]. Nanoscale, 2016,8(22):11559-11564. |
| [38] | Zhou Z Y, Shang S J, Tian N , et al. Shape transformation from Pt nanocubes to tetrahexahedra with size near 10 nm[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2012,22:61-64. |
| [39] | Liu S, Tian N, Xie A Y , et al. Electrochemically seed-mediated synjournal of sub-10 nm tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals supported on graphene with improved catalytic performance[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016,138(18):5753-5756. |
| [40] | Huang L( 黄龙), Zhan M( 詹梅), Wang Y C( 王宇成 ), et al. Syntheses of carbon paper supported high-index faceted Pt nanoparticles and their performance in direct formic acid fuel cells[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry( 电化学), 2016,22(2):123-128. |
| [41] | Li Y Y, Jiang Y X, Chen M H , et al. Electrochemically shape-controlled synjournal of trapezohedral platinum nanocrystals with high electrocatalytic activity[J]. Chemical Communications, 2012,48(76):9531-9533. |
| [42] | Xiao J, Liu S, Tian N , et al. Synjournal of convex hexoctahedral Pt micro/nanocrystals with high-index facets and electrochemistry-mediated shape evolution[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013,135(50):18754-18757. |
| [43] | Zhou Z Y, Tian N, Huang Z Z , et al. Nanoparticle catalysts with high energy surfaces and enhanced activity synthesized by electrochemical method[J]. Faraday Discussions, 2018,140(1):81-92. |
| [44] | Wei L, Zhou Z Y, Chen S P , et al. Electrochemically shape-controlled synjournal in deep eutectic solvents: triambic icosahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and their enhanced catalytic activity[J]. Chemical Communications, 2013,49(95):11152-11154. |
| [45] | Du J H, Sheng T, Xiao C , et al. Shape transformation of {hk0}-faceted Pt nanocrystals from tetrahexahedron to truncated ditetragonal prism[J]. Chemical Communications, 2017,53(22):3236-3238. |
| [46] | Wagle D V, Zhao H, Baker G A . Deep eutectic solvents: sustainable media for nanoscale and functional materials[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2015,45(41):2299-2308. |
| [47] | Kareem M A, Mjalli F S, Hashim M A , et al. Phosphonium-based ionic liquids analogues and their physical properties[J]. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010,55(11):4632-4637. |
| [48] | Zhang Q, De O V K, Royer S, , et al. Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2012,41(21):7108-7146. |
| [49] | Wei L, Fan Y J, Tian N , et al. Electrochemically shape-controlled synjournal in deep eutectic solvents-a new route to prepare Pt nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets with high catalytic activity[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011,116(2):2040-2044. |
| [50] | Wei L, Xu C D, Huang L , et al. Electrochemically shape-controlled synjournal of Pd concave-disdyakis triacontahedra in deep eutectic solvent[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015,120(29):150527130842000. |
| [51] | Wei L, Sheng T, Ye J Y , et al. Seeds and potentials mediated synjournal of high-index faceted gold nanocrystals with enhanced electrocatalytic activities[J]. Langmuir, 2017,33(28):6991-6998. |
| [52] | Chen Q S, Zhou Z Y, Vidal-Iglesias F J , et al. Significantly enhancing catalytic activity of tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals by Bi adatom decoration[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011,133(33):12930-12933. |
| [53] | N?skov J K, Rossmeisl J, Logadottir A , et al. Origin of the overpotential for oxygen reduction at a fuel-cell cathode[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004,108(46):17886-17892. |
| [54] | Zhang S, Shao Y Y, Yin G P , et al. Electrostatic self-assembly of a Pt-around-Au nanocomposite with high activity towards formic acid oxidation[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2010,122(12):2257-2260. |
| [55] | Liu H X, Tian N, Brandon M P , et al. Tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystal catalysts decorated with Ru adatoms and their enhanced activity in methanol electrooxidation[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2012,2(2):708-715. |
| [56] | Liu H X, Tian N , et al. Enhancing the activity and tuning the mechanism of formic acid oxidation at tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals by Au decoration[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2012,14(47):16415-16423. |
| [57] | Zhang F Y, Sheng T, Tian N , et al. Cu overlayers on tetrahexahedral Pd nanocrystals with high-index facets for CO2 electroreduction to alcohols[J]. Chemical Communications, 2017,53(57):8085-8088. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
