锂硫电池被认为是极具应用潜力的下一代能源存储器件之一. 在锂硫电池中，对电极-电解质界面物质结构和演变规律的深入探究及认知对其进一步发展至关重要. 本文结合多种原位可视化技术，包括扫描探针显微术、电子显微术、X射线以及光学显微术，概述了近年来在锂硫电池中界面成像分析的研究进展. 主要讨论了在硫正极界面、硫/硫化锂演变、多硫化物溶解以及在锂负极界面、固液界面层形成、锂沉积行为等问题，有助于理解锂硫反应的基本原理并提出优化方案.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage devices. Fundamental understanding of the structure and evolution processes at electrode-electrolyte interfaces is essential to the further development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the interfacial observations by means of various in situ/operando visualization techniques, including scanning probe microscopy (SPM), electron microscopy (EM), X-ray microscopy (XRM) and optical microscopy (OM). The real-time investigation provides important evidence for the morphology and component changes including S/Li₂S transformation, polysulfide dissolution on cathodes and Li/solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) evolution on anodes, which presents reaction mechanism and design principles for Li-S battery optimization.