钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、价格低廉在大规模储能领域有着重要应用前景. 然而，钠离子相对锂离子较大的半径和质量限制了它在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌，导致其电化学性能不佳. 因此研发稳定、高效储钠的高比能电极材料是钠离子电池实用化的关键. 另外，进一步优化与电极材料相匹配的电解质来实现高安全、长寿命钠离子电池的构建，推动其商业化进程，也是迫切需要解决的问题. 本文主要对室温钠离子电池关键材料（包括正极、负极和电解质材料）的研究进展进行简要综述，并探讨了其面临的困难及可行的解决方案，为钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention in large-scale energy storage applications due to their resource advantages. However, Na+ is larger and heavier than Li+, which will limit its reversible reaction with the electrode materials and result in poor electrochemical performance. Thus, developing stable and high-efficiency electrode materials is the key to promoting the practical application of SIBs. Furthermore, the optimization of electrolyte is essential for the construction of high-safety and long-lifespan SIBs. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advancements of electrode materials and electrolytes for room-temperature SIBs and discuss their challenges and possible resolution strategies. We hope that this review could make valuable contributions to the development of SIBs.