电化学电容器（超级电容器）是一种兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的新型储能元件，它既具有传统电容器大电流快速充放电的特性，又具有蓄电池高储能密度的特性. 近几年，电化学电容器储能机理的研究和纳米结构电极复合材料的合成不断取得新突破，超级电容器的电化学性能得到了显著的提高. 为了更好地解析电化学电容器的工作特性，建立描述电容器内部浓度分布和电场的物理模型是一项非常重要的研究方法. 本文首先介绍电化学电容器理论基础，并论述近几年电化学电容器连续模型研究进展，最后阐述连续模型进一步发展的前景和挑战.

Electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) have been developed as a new type of energy storage device with high energy and power densities, which have the advantages of both fast charging-discharging as traditional capacitors and high energy density as batteries. Notable improvements in their electrochemical performance have been achieved in recent years owing to the recent advances in understanding of charge storage mechanisms and the development of advanced nanostructured materials. Recently, modeling and simulation of these supercapacitors has been applied as a useful approach to better understand the working mechanisms of the supercapacitors by describing the concentrations and electric fields inside the capacitors. Particularly, the continuous models for supercapacitors, which can provide insights into the mass transport and interfacial phenomena in supercapacitors under different operating conditions, have been drawing more and more attention. And there is no review article addresses this topic so far. This paper will try to summarize the basic theories of supercapacitors and the latest progresses in the continuous models for supercapacitors. The focus is the recent advances in the application of continuous models to optimize device parameters under different conditions. Meanwhile, the prospects and challenges associated with the continuous models in the future are also discussed. We believe that modelling of supercapacitors could help design the next-generation supercapacitors for versatile electronic devices.