具有高比表面积、良好导电性的多孔碳材料在超级电容器中有着广泛的应用前景. 大量的研究工作致力于通过物理或者化学手段合成并调控多孔材料的微观结构. 在众多多孔碳材料的制备方式中，氢氧化钾作为一种高效的活化剂，常用于制备具有良好孔径分布和高比表面积多孔碳电极材料. 本文主要结合作者课题组的研究工作，着重概述利用氢氧化钾活化sp²碳纳米材料制备多孔碳材料的机理过程、结构形貌的转变以及所得材料的电化学性能，希望对发展新型的高性能基多孔碳材料的超级电容器电极材料有所帮助.

Porous carbon materials with high specific surface area and excellent conductivity have wide applications in supercapacitor electrodes. Much effort has been made to synthesize and tailor the microstructures of porous carbon materials via various activation procedures (physical and chemical activations). In particular, the chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activating reagent is promising because of the well-defined micropore size distribution and ultrahigh specific surface area up to 3000 m²·g^-1 of the resulting porous carbons. Based mainly on the previous works taken by the authors and collaborators in the field, we have summarized the activation mechanism of KOH, the conversion of the carbon resources to porous carbons and the performance of the resulting porous carbons in supercapacitor electrodes. We hope that this review will be helpful to promote the development of high-performance porous carbon materials as supercapacitor electrodes.