超级电容器因其在电动车和便携式设备上巨大的应用潜力而受到广泛关注. 电极材料是超级电容器的关键组成部分, 决定了超级电容器性能的好坏. 近来大量研究以碳材料和过渡金属化合物作为电极材料. 然而, 碳材料电容值极小与过渡金属化合物导电性和稳定性差, 极大地限制了它们在超级电容器中的应用. 本综述重点介绍了我们课题组近年来在设计、可控制备及优化碳材料与过渡金属氧/氮化物电容性能的相关研究工作, 并讨论了材料构效关系及其调控机理. 最后对碳材料和过渡金属化合物作为电极材料的日后研究进行了展望.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have stimulated intensive interests for their promising applications in electric vehicles and portable electronics, etc. Electrode material is the most important key component of SCs, which vastly determines the performance of SCs. Carbon and transition metallic compound materials have attracted considerable attention and been widely explored as electrode materials. However, the insufficient capacitance of carbon materials and unsatisfactory conductivity and cyclic stability of transition metallic compounds severely limit their implementation as robust SC electrodes. Herein, we highlight our recent efforts to boost the capacitive performance of carbon and metal oxide/nitride electrodes by rationally structural and componential design. The relationships between structures and performances,  as well as the mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we also present our personal perspectives on the further research of these electrodes.