硅是已知质量比容量最高的锂离子电池负极材料，研究人员希望通过制造可靠的高容量硅负极，生产高能量密度的锂离子电池. 但由于充放电过程中锂在硅材料中嵌入与释放，硅材料发生巨大的体积变化，以致破碎，并从负极上脱落下来. 硅负极容量随着充放循环次数的增加而迅速下降，是其应用进程中受到的最大制约. 本文结合锂离子电池硅负极研究现状，从硅材料本体结构、整体负极结构两方面介绍几种不同的提高硅负极循环稳定性的方法，并对各种方法的稳定性、成本、制备方法等进行比较，提出对未来硅负极材料研究的展望.

Silicon(Si), with the highest specific capacity currently known, is a promising anode material for Li-ion battery. However, in the charging and discharging process, with Li atoms inserting into and breaking out of the Si crystal lattices, the Si anode undergoes enormous volume expansion and contraction, ending in pulverization. The fact that the specific capacity of bulk Si anodes drop quickly is a challenging problem. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in Si anode. We concern about the nanostructure of silicon, cooperation of silicon with other additives and macrostructure design of anodes. We discuss strengths and shortcomings of different methods, considering both electrochemical performance and mass production feasibility.