硅基材料因具有目前最高的理论比容量、合适的嵌锂平台、大储量等优点，引起了众多研究者的关注，成为最具潜力的下一代锂离子电池的负极材料. 但是硅在嵌锂过程中巨大的体积变化，容易破坏电极结构的稳定性，使电极循环性能迅速衰减，这对硅基材料的应用造成了很大的阻碍. 本文主要针对近年来在硅电极自身的结构（包括：多孔硅基复合材料的合成、硅粘结剂的选择，无粘结剂的纳米硅电极的制备）以及电解液添加剂的选择两大方面的最新研究进展进行总结与评述.

Owing to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh·g^-1), silicon is a promising candidate to replace graphite as the anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, low intrinsic electric conductivity and dramatic volume change (~ 300%) during the process of lithiation and delithiation result in electrode pulverization and capacity loss with cycling, accordingly, the application of silicon as an anode in LIBs has been severely hindered. We will discuss the structure of silicon electrode including synthesis of Si-based composites，the selection of binder for silicon and the fabrication of binder-free Si-based electrode, as well as the electrolyte additive to improve the cycle performance of the battery.