发展纯电动汽车与混合动力汽车是解决能源危机与环境问题的有效途径，这对新能源材料及储能设备提出了更高的要求. 其中以金属锂作为负极、以空气中的氧气作为正极活性物质组成的锂-空气二次电池具有很高的理论比能量，因在纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车方面有很好的应用前景而受到人们的广泛关注. 根据工作环境及介质条件，目前研究最多的锂-空气电池主要包括有机电解液、有机-水组合电解液及全固态电解质三种类型. 由于锂-空气电池的发展历史较短，目前仍处于起步阶段，在电池的正极、负极、电解液（质）及综合性能等方面均存在诸多的困难与挑战. 本文从作者课题组对有机电解液及组合电解液型锂-空气电池方面的研究出发，旨在向读者简单介绍锂-空气电池的发展历史，研究现状及未来努力的方向.

Developing energy storage devices and new materials, which match the requirements in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), is an effective way to balance the contradiction between the social development and the shortage of fossil energy and environment pollution. Rechargeable lithium-air (Li-air) batteries consisting of Li and oxygen as the anodic and cathodic reactants, respectively, have attracted much attention during the past decade due to their high theoretical specific energy. According to work conditions, the most studied types of Li-air batteries are non-aqueous, hybrid, and solid state electrolyte Li-air batteries. Challenges still exist in cathodes, anodes, electrolytes and performances (life time), though efforts have been dedicated during the past years. Based on the achievements in non-aqueous and hybrid Li-air batteries from our group, the history, research progress and future developing trend of Li-air batteries will be briefly introduced in this review.