将商业活性炭和石墨烯在饱和硝酸铅溶液中超声浸渍，并通过化学沉积结合高温煅烧制备了氧化铅/石墨烯/活性炭(PbO/GN/AC)复合材料. 采用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段对复合物进行了物相及微观结构表征. 测试结果发现，PbO（约200 nm）颗粒均匀的分散在活性炭和石墨烯的表面. 复合物表现出优异的电化学性能，具有较高的析氢过电位；比电容高达312.6 F·g-1；等效串联内阻仅为1.56 Ω. 6000次循环之后，复合物电极的电容保持率仍达到92.6%. 将5wt%的Pb(PbO)/活性炭材料加入到铅酸电池负极铅膏中制备相应铅炭超级电池，循环次数达到18051次，是普通铅酸蓄电池的3.5倍.
The lead oxide/graphene/activated carbon (PbO/GN/AC) composite materials were prepared by impregnating commercial activated carbon and graphene in saturated lead nitrate solution followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that PbO crystals (about 200 nm) were dispersed uniformly on the surface of activated carbon and graphene. Electrochemical data indicate that the composite exhibited good electrochemical performances. The PbO/GN/AC composite possessed the higher over-potential of hydrogen evolution and the high specific capacitance of 312.6 F·g-1, while the internal resistance was 1.56 Ω. The composite electrode also displayed excellent cycling stability, retaining over 92.6% of its initial charge after 6000 cycles. The ultra-battery with 5% (by mass) PbO/GN/AC being added to the negative paste had a cycle life approximately 3.5 times longer than conventional lead-acid batteries.
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