A Preliminary Study on Graphene Film-Metal Composites Prepared by Electrodeposition

doi:10.13208/j.electrochem.200614

Abstract

Abstract:

Graphene film (GF) has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, but low strength and hardness. In order to obtain good comprehensive mechanical properties to improve the practical value of GF, the concept of preparing GF-metal composite materials was proposed. This work was conducted to preliminarily study the feasibility of using electrodeposition method to prepare GF-metal composites. Two kinds of composites, GF-Cu and GF-Cr, were successfully prepared by using GF as the cathode, and pure Cu and DSA (Dimensionally Stable Anode) as the anodes, respectively, with applying DC power externally. Employing certain electrochemical parameters, the cation in the electrolyte moved towards the cathode directionally. Meanwhile, the interface bonding between GF and electrodeposited metals was investigated. The surface morphology and cross-section characterization of the composites by scanning electron microscopy showed that the interface bonding of the GF-Cr composite was tighter than that of the GF-Cu composite. In addition, two-dimensional disregistry analyses were performed for the GF and metals coating interface bonding. Through calculation and analysis, the disregistry of the (110) surface on Cr is 7.26%, while that of the (111) surface on Cu is 31.92% at the(0001) surface of C and at room temperature, indicating that the lattice matching degree of C and Cr is better than that of C and Cu, which is consistent with the experimental results. As the temperature increased, the disregistry value of C-Cr interface decreased, that is, increasing the temperature is conducive to the increase of lattice matching of both. The C-Cr binary phase diagram also showed that the carbide generated by the reaction of C and Cr would further enhance the interface bonding. The effect of heating on the C-Cu interface bonding was more complicated. The results of heat treatment experiments showed that the heating increased the diffusion distance of C element to the copper coating, while the disregistry value of C-Cu interface increased with the increase of temperature. However, the interface bonding of GF and Cu still needs to be improved.

Key words: electrodeposition, graphene film, two-dimensional disregistry, Cu, Cr

Shuang-Juan Liu, Hai-Jing Wang, Jing Guo, Peng-Cheng Wang, Hao Zhou, Cai Meng, Han-Jie Guo. A Preliminary Study on Graphene Film-Metal Composites Prepared by Electrodeposition[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2021, 27(4): 396-404.

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References 30

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Experiment type	Concentration of main bath components/(g·L^-1)	Current density/ (mA·cm^-2)	Bath temperature/℃	Deposition time/h
Electrodeposited copper	Triethanolamine 12 Glycerol 20 Tetramethylammonium chloride 45 CH₃OH 205, CuSO₄·5H₂O 50	12.5	35	24
Electrodeposited chromium	CrCl₃·6H₂O 107 HCOONH₄ 50, NH₄Cl 100 NaCl 200, H₃BO₃ 40 KBr 12 PEG400 4	150	30	1

Element	Syngony	Lattice constant (25 ℃)/nm				Coefficient of linear expansion α/ (10^-6·K^-1)	Melting point/℃	Ref.
Element	Syngony	a₀	c₀	a	a	Coefficient of linear expansion α/ (10^-6·K^-1)	Melting point/℃	Ref.
C	Hexagonal	0.2461	0.6708	0.2463	0.2475	7.1	3826	[28, 29]
Cu	Cubic	0.3615	-	0.3621	0.3661	16.5	1084	[28]
Cr	Cubic	0.3524	-	0.3528	0.3561	13.4	1455	[28]

Matching interface	(0001)C//(100)Cu			(0001)C//(110)Cu			(0001)C//(111)Cu
(hkl)C	[20]	[100]	[110]	[20]	[100]	[110]	[20]	[100]	[110]
(hkl)Cu	[010]	[031]	[011]	[001]	[12 ]	[10]	[01]	[11]	[10]
d_C/nm	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461
d_Cu/nm	0.5112	0.8083	0.3615	0.5112	0. 261	0.3615	0.3615	0.6261	0.3615
θ/(°)	0	11.56	15	0	4.89	30	0	0	0
d_Ccosθ	0.2461	0.4177	0.2377	0.2461	0.4247	0.2131	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461
δ/%		44.81			41.69			31.92
Matching interface	(0001)C//(100)Cr			(0001)C//(110)Cr			(0001)C//(111)Cr
(hkl)C	[20]	[110]	[00]	[20]	[110]	[00]	[20]	[100]	[110]
(hkl)Cr	[010]	[011]	[001]	[001]	[11]	[10]	[10]	[21]	[011]
d_C/nm	0.2461	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461
d_Cr/nm	0.2910	0.4115	0.2910	0.2910	0.2520	0.4115	0.4115	0.7128	0.4115
θ/(°)	0	15	0	0	5.26	0	0	0	0
d_Ccosθ	0.2461	0.2377	0.4263	0.2461	0.2451	0.4263	0.2461	0.4263	0.2461
δ/%		34.72			7.26			40.19